Resumen
La enfermedad de Parkinson es el segundo trastorno neurodegenerativo en la población general. Característicamente se presenta con una variedad de síntomas motores. Sin embargo, existen múltiples manifestaciones no motoras de la enfermedad que se observan con alta frecuencia y que pueden llegar a constituir los principales determinantes del deterioro de la calidad de vida de estos pacientes, dentro de las cuales encontramos trastornos del sueño, alteraciones cognoscitivas, difi cultad en el control de impulsos, disfunción autonómica y síntomas psiquiátricos. En este artículo se revisan las manifestaciones no motoras más frecuentes en la enfermedad de Parkinson y su manejo.
Palabras clave: Enfermedad de Parkinson. Manifestaciones psiquiátricas. Trastornos del sueño.
Referencias
1. Savitt JM, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: molecules to medicine. J Clin Invest 2006; 116(7):1744-54.
2. Parkinson J An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002;14(2):223-36. Discussion 222.
3. WHO. Parkinson ́s disease. Neurological disorders: public health challenges. 2007. Savitt JM, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: molecules to medicine. J Clin Invest, 2006;116(7):1744-54.
4. Sánchez JL, Buriticá O, Pineda D, Uribe CS, Palacio LG. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism in a Colombian population using the capture-recapture method. Int J Neurosci. 2004. 114(2):175-82
5. Chiofalo N, Kirschbaum A, Schoenberg B, Olivares O, Valenzuela B, Soto E, Alvarez G. Estudio epidemiológico de las enfermedades neurológicas en Santiago Metropolitano, Chile. Rev. Chil. Neuro-Psiquiat 1992;30:355-41.
6. Nicoletti A; Sofia V; Bartoloni A; Bartalesi F; Gamboa Barahon H; Giuffrida S; Reggio A. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease: a door-to-door survey in rural Bolivia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003;10(1):19-21.
7. Ketzoian, C. Estudio piloto de la prevalencia de las principales enfermedades neurológicas en el Uruguay / The prevalence of leading neurologic diseases in Uruguay: a pilot study. Rev. neurol. argent 1994;19(1):21-31.
8. Borek, L.L., M.M. Amick, and J.H. Friedman, Non-motor aspects of Parkinson’s disease. CNS Spectr, 2006;11(7):541-54.
9. Chaudhuri KR, DG Healy, AH Schapira Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol, 2006;5(3):235-45.
10. Siderowf A. MB Stern, Preclinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: are we there yet? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2006;6(4):295-301.
11. Gagnon JF, et al. REM sleep behavior disorder and REM sleep without atonia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 2002;59(4):585-9.
12. Postuma, R.B. Potential early markers of Parkinson disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 2006; 66(6 ): 845-51.
13. Bosboom JL, Stoffers D, Wolters E. Cognitive dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 2004; 111(10-11): 1303-15.
14. Aarsland D et al. Practice parameter: evaluation and treatment of depression, psychosis, and dementia in Parkinson disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2007;68(1):80; author reply 81.
15. Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, Lolk A, Kragh-Sørensen P. Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8-year prospective study. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(3):387-92.
16. Thanvi B, Munshi S, Vijaykumar N, Lo T. Neuropsychiatric non-motor aspects of Parkinson’s disease. Postgrad Med J. 2003;79:561-65
17. Galvin JE, Pollack J, Morris JC. Clinical phenotype of Parkinson disease dementia. Neurology. 2006;67(9):1605-11.
18. McKeith IG. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the Consortium on DLB International Workshop. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006; 9(3 Suppl):417-23.
19. Moretti R et al. Rivastigmine and Parkinson dementia complex. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8(6):817-29.
20. Williams-Gray CH, Foltynie T, Brayne C, Robbins T, Barker R. Evolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson’s disease cohort. Brain. 2007;130:1787-98.
21. Ferreri F, Agbokou C, Gauthier S. Recognition and management of neuropsychiatric complications in Parkinson’s disease. CMAJ 2006; 175(12):1545–52.
2. Parkinson J An essay on the shaking palsy. 1817. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002;14(2):223-36. Discussion 222.
3. WHO. Parkinson ́s disease. Neurological disorders: public health challenges. 2007. Savitt JM, Dawson VL, Dawson TM. Diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson disease: molecules to medicine. J Clin Invest, 2006;116(7):1744-54.
4. Sánchez JL, Buriticá O, Pineda D, Uribe CS, Palacio LG. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease and parkinsonism in a Colombian population using the capture-recapture method. Int J Neurosci. 2004. 114(2):175-82
5. Chiofalo N, Kirschbaum A, Schoenberg B, Olivares O, Valenzuela B, Soto E, Alvarez G. Estudio epidemiológico de las enfermedades neurológicas en Santiago Metropolitano, Chile. Rev. Chil. Neuro-Psiquiat 1992;30:355-41.
6. Nicoletti A; Sofia V; Bartoloni A; Bartalesi F; Gamboa Barahon H; Giuffrida S; Reggio A. Prevalence of Parkinson’s disease: a door-to-door survey in rural Bolivia. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2003;10(1):19-21.
7. Ketzoian, C. Estudio piloto de la prevalencia de las principales enfermedades neurológicas en el Uruguay / The prevalence of leading neurologic diseases in Uruguay: a pilot study. Rev. neurol. argent 1994;19(1):21-31.
8. Borek, L.L., M.M. Amick, and J.H. Friedman, Non-motor aspects of Parkinson’s disease. CNS Spectr, 2006;11(7):541-54.
9. Chaudhuri KR, DG Healy, AH Schapira Non-motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease: diagnosis and management. Lancet Neurol, 2006;5(3):235-45.
10. Siderowf A. MB Stern, Preclinical diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease: are we there yet? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2006;6(4):295-301.
11. Gagnon JF, et al. REM sleep behavior disorder and REM sleep without atonia in Parkinson’s disease. Neurology 2002;59(4):585-9.
12. Postuma, R.B. Potential early markers of Parkinson disease in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder. Neurology 2006; 66(6 ): 845-51.
13. Bosboom JL, Stoffers D, Wolters E. Cognitive dysfunction and dementia in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm 2004; 111(10-11): 1303-15.
14. Aarsland D et al. Practice parameter: evaluation and treatment of depression, psychosis, and dementia in Parkinson disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2007;68(1):80; author reply 81.
15. Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, Lolk A, Kragh-Sørensen P. Prevalence and characteristics of dementia in Parkinson disease: an 8-year prospective study. Arch Neurol. 2003;60(3):387-92.
16. Thanvi B, Munshi S, Vijaykumar N, Lo T. Neuropsychiatric non-motor aspects of Parkinson’s disease. Postgrad Med J. 2003;79:561-65
17. Galvin JE, Pollack J, Morris JC. Clinical phenotype of Parkinson disease dementia. Neurology. 2006;67(9):1605-11.
18. McKeith IG. Consensus guidelines for the clinical and pathologic diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB): report of the Consortium on DLB International Workshop. J Alzheimers Dis. 2006; 9(3 Suppl):417-23.
19. Moretti R et al. Rivastigmine and Parkinson dementia complex. Expert Opin Pharmacother. 2007;8(6):817-29.
20. Williams-Gray CH, Foltynie T, Brayne C, Robbins T, Barker R. Evolution of cognitive dysfunction in an incident Parkinson’s disease cohort. Brain. 2007;130:1787-98.
21. Ferreri F, Agbokou C, Gauthier S. Recognition and management of neuropsychiatric complications in Parkinson’s disease. CMAJ 2006; 175(12):1545–52.
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