Vol. 38 Núm. 3 (2025): Revista ION
Artículos

Valorización de residuos de construcción y demolición y ceniza de bagazo de caña en la preparación de bloques de hormigón

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  • Sihara Patricia Madera Miranda,
  • Luisa Maria Moreno Ramirez,
  • Oscar Felipe Arbeláez Pérez
Sihara Patricia Madera Miranda
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Luisa Maria Moreno Ramirez
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
Oscar Felipe Arbeláez Pérez
Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v38n3-2025003

Publicado 2026-04-27

Palabras clave

  • Ceniza de bagazo de caña,
  • Residuos de Construcción y Demolición,
  • Bloques de Hormigón,
  • Emisiones de CO2

Cómo citar

Madera Miranda, S. P., Moreno Ramirez, L. M., & Arbeláez Pérez, O. F. (2026). Valorización de residuos de construcción y demolición y ceniza de bagazo de caña en la preparación de bloques de hormigón . Revista ION, 38(3), 27–37. https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v38n3-2025003

Derechos de autor 2025 Sihara Patricia Madera Miranda, Luisa Maria Moreno Ramirez, Oscar Felipe Arbeláez Pérez

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Resumen

El desarrollo sostenible prioriza el aprovechamiento de residuos para mitigar su impacto ambiental mediante el reciclaje y la reutilización. Este trabajo presenta el efecto de la sustitución de los agregados finos y del cemento por residuos de construcción y demolición (RCD), y ceniza de bagazo de caña (CBC), respectivamente, en la preparación de bloques de hormigón. Se elaboraron mezclas con porcentajes de reemplazo del 10 % en masa de los finos por RCD y del 1, 3 y 5 % en peso del cemento por CBC. A partir de las mezclas se prepararon los bloques y se evaluó la densidad, la resistencia a compresión y las emisiones de CO2. Se evidenció experimentalmente que la densidad de las mezclas disminuyó con la sustitución de los agregados finos por RCD y con el incremento de la ceniza, resultado de la menor densidad de los sustitutos. Se encontró una mejora significativa en la resistencia a la compresión
del hormigón preparado con RCD cuando se sustituyó el cemento por ceniza, donde la mezcla RCD:CBC=10:1 alcanzó el máximo en la resistencia. Para esta mezcla se encontró un aumento del 30 %, comportamiento asociado a la actividad puzolánica de la ceniza. La menor emisión de dióxido de carbono en los bloques de hormigón fue una evidencia experimental del impacto ambiental positivo en este tipo de mezclas. Con base en este estudio, se puede concluir que la sustitución combinada de residuos de construcción y demolición y ceniza mejora de manera significativa las propiedades mecánicas del hormigón y se convierte en una estrategia ambientalmente sostenible.

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