Palabras clave
Monóxido de Carbono
Exposición Materna
Contaminación del Aire
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: Los recién nacidos pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG), se definen como peso al nacer por debajo del percentil 10 corresponden a un desenlace perinatal adverso con implicaciones en la salud a corto y largo plazo. La exposición prenatal al monóxido de carbono (CO), derivado del tráfico vehicular, ha sido relacionada con restricción del crecimiento fetal. Este estudio se realizó con el objetivo de determinar la asociación entre la exposición materna a CO y la ocurrencia de PEG en una ciudad andina colombiana. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal analítico, se clasificó a los recién nacidos como casos (PEG) y controles (no PEG) pareados por sexo neonatal. La exposición materna se estimó mediante un inventario de emisiones vehiculares de CO (ton/año/celda de 250×250 m). Se aplicaron análisis descriptivos, χ² y pruebas t de Student, así como modelos multivariables de regresión logística incondicional para PEG y regresión lineal robusta para peso al nacer. Se ajustó por edad materna, paridad, régimen de aseguramiento y estado civil. Se consideró significativo p<0,05. Resultados: Se incluyeron 71 casos con bajo peso y 142 controles. La exposición promedio a CO fue mayor en los casos (137 vs. 35 toneladas/año/celda de 250mX250m; p<0,001). La exposición por encima del cuarto cuartil de CO se asoció con un mayor riesgo de PEG (OR ajustado: 15.2 IC95%: 7,2–32; p<0,001). Por cada desviación estándar adicional de emisiones, el peso al nacer disminuyó en promedio 186 gramos. Conclusiones: La exposición prenatal a CO vehicular se asocia con mayor riesgo de PEG. Este hallazgo respalda la necesidad de políticas públicas orientadas al control de emisiones como medida preventiva en salud materno-perinatal y la necesidad de estudios que incluyan mediciones directas de concentraciones y ventanas gestacionales.
Citas
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Derechos de autor 2026 Fabian Andres Ruiz-Murcia, Leidy Diana Henao Navarro, Nelson Enrique Arias-Ortiz