Palabras clave
Restricción del Crecimiento Intrauterino
Adolescencia
Educación
Bajo Peso al Nacer
Preeclampsia
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: El riesgo biopsicosocial (RBP) se asocia con preeclampsia y bajo peso al nacer. Objetivos: Evaluar la asociación entre RBP, cortisol, y el crecimiento fetal en gestantes adolescentes en Colombia. Metodología: Un estudio de casos (pequeño para la edad gestacional (PEG) (< percentil 10) y controles (> percentil 10) (1/3) apareado y anidado en una cohorte fue realizado. Se evaluaron ocho regiones de Colombia. Se evaluó RBP y el cortisol con respecto a preeclampsia y BPN. Se calculó el tamaño de la muestra (α error= 0.05 β error= 0,2) y se realizó análisis univariado, bivariado y regresión logística. Resultados: Se estudiaron 138 embarazadas adolescentes (33 casos/105 controles) (edad de 17.4 ± 1,5 años) (30.4 ± 4,4 semanas). Se observó un RPB alto en afroamericanas o indígenas. El 74.6 % cursaba estudios secundarios, 39.5% trabajaba, 26.9 % carecía de apoyo social, 15.7 % eran desnutridas (Índice de Masa Corporal < 18.5), 13.4 % presentaba niveles elevados de cortisol (> 21.6 nmol/L). 12 (9.0%) desarrollaron preeclampsia. Una buena nutrición (IMC 18,5-29,9) se observó protector para RCIU [OR= 0.27 IC 95 % 0.09- 0.84, p= 0.02]. El apoyo social, el empleo y la educación se observaron cómo protectores para RCIU [OR= 0.08 (IC 95 %: 0.01-0.31) p= 0.001] sin relación con los niveles de cortisol. La región oriental de Colombia fue la de mayor riesgo [OR= 8.44 (IC 95 % 2.89 – 27.22) (p= 0.001)]. Conclusiones: Los determinantes sociales fueron protectores y el cortisol no se asociaron con el riesgo. Se observaron diferencias regionales.
Citas
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2026 Julian Alberto Herrera-Murgueitio , Hernando Severiche-Salazar, Marco Antonio Tamara-Burgos, Maria Marcela Arriola-Salgado, Jaime Lee-Isaza , Anibal Nieto-Diaz, Luz Dary Ortiz-Lopez, Javier Torres-Muñoz , Julian Andres Ramirez-Cheyne