Revista UIS Ingenierías

Vol. 24 Núm. 2 (2025): Revista UIS Ingenierías
Artículos

Contaminantes atmosféricos domésticos (PMx y PAHs) de la combustión de biomasa: Una aproximación holística

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  • Nazly E. Sanchez-Peña,
  • Wilson Andrés Betancourt-Villalobos
Nazly E. Sanchez-Peña
Universidad del Cauca
Wilson Andrés Betancourt-Villalobos
Universidad del Cauca
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v24n2-2025005

Publicado 2025-07-09

Palabras clave

  • Material particulado,
  • PAHs,
  • Hogares,
  • Calidad del aire interior

Cómo citar

Sanchez-Peña, N. E., & Betancourt-Villalobos, W. A. (2025). Contaminantes atmosféricos domésticos (PMx y PAHs) de la combustión de biomasa: Una aproximación holística. Revista UIS Ingenierías, 24(2), 53–68. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v24n2-2025005

Derechos de autor 2025 Revista UIS Ingenierías

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Resumen

Las zonas urbanas, pero principalmente las áreas rurales y rural dispersa de los países en vía de desarrollo viven una situación de contaminación de aire intramuros ocasionado principalmente por el uso de combustibles sólidos para actividades domésticas diarias, como la cocción de alimentos. La inaccesibilidad a fuentes de energía limpias, sumado al uso de estufas ineficientes han generado un riesgo para la salud humana en torno a exposición a contaminantes en personas vulnerables como niños, nonatos y personas con morbilidades; diversos artículos originales de investigación dan cuenta de esto. El presente trabajo presenta una revisión sistemática de información publicada en literatura científica e información de entes gubernamentales, desde el año 1989 hasta 2024, sobre emisión de contaminantes (PMx y PAHs) en hogares con especial atención en las categorías de análisis a saber: 1) variables que influyen en el nivel de generación de contaminantes, 2) efectos en la salud humana por exposición intramuros, 3) acciones gubernamentales y políticas para contrarrestar el problema, especialmente las relacionadas a las modificaciones tecnológicas. Los métodos de cocción en diferentes países, las diferencias culturales culinarias entre pobladores de zonas rurales, la configuración de las cocinas, los tipos de biomasa usados y las diferencias en tecnología de quemadores determinan la concentración de contaminantes (PMx y PAHs) en el interior de los hogares. La literatura ha reportado un amplio número de problemas en la salud relacionados con la exposición intramuros, entre ellos, diabetes, presión arterial, asma, rinitis, cáncer de pulmón, entre otros. Adicionalmente, autores coinciden en sugerir mayor esfuerzo en la minimización del riesgo de las mujeres que cocinan con biomasa o combustibles fósiles en zonas rurales, las estrategias y políticas son escasas e inefectivas principalmente en países en vía de desarrollo.

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