Revista UIS Ingenierías

Vol. 24 Núm. 3 (2025): Revista UIS Ingenierías
Artículos

Optimización en aerogeneradores de eje vertical utilizando interacción fluido-estructura

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  • José Antonio Parada-Marin,
  • Luis Fernando Garcia,
  • Octavio Andrés González-Estrada
José Antonio Parada-Marin
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Luis Fernando Garcia
Universidade de São Paulo
Octavio Andrés González-Estrada
Universidad Industrial de Santander
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v24n3-2025007

Publicado 2025-10-29

Palabras clave

  • aerogeneradores de eje vertical,
  • interacción fluido-estructura,
  • optimización multiobjetivo,
  • dinámica de fluidos computacional,
  • análisis de elementos finitos

Cómo citar

Parada-Marin, J. A., Garcia, L. F., & González-Estrada, O. A. (2025). Optimización en aerogeneradores de eje vertical utilizando interacción fluido-estructura. Revista UIS Ingenierías, 24(3), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v24n3-2025007

Derechos de autor 2025 Revista UIS Ingenierías

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Resumen

La urgencia de reducir las emisiones de carbono y diversificar la matriz energética global ha acelerado el desarrollo de tecnologías renovables más eficientes y adaptables. Los aerogeneradores de eje vertical (VAWT) han ganado atención como una alternativa prometedora, especialmente en entornos urbanos o con vientos turbulentos, donde los aerogeneradores de eje horizontal presentan limitaciones. No obstante, los VAWT enfrentan importantes desafíos, como la compleja interacción con flujos inestables, la menor eficiencia aerodinámica y las cargas cíclicas que comprometen su integridad estructural y su vida útil. En este contexto, la interacción fluido–estructura (FSI) surge como un enfoque esencial para alcanzar un diseño multicriterio, al permitir considerar de manera simultánea el rendimiento aerodinámico, la confiabilidad estructural y la durabilidad. Mediante la integración de la dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) con el análisis por elementos finitos (FEA), la FSI posibilita una caracterización detallada del acoplamiento bidireccional entre las cargas aerodinámicas y las deformaciones estructurales. Este trabajo sintetiza los avances recientes en la optimización de VAWT bajo marcos de FSI. Se examinan las tipologías de turbinas, principios de operación, estrategias de acoplamiento numérico y métodos de validación experimental, así como los enfoques de optimización multiobjetivo. Se destaca el papel de los algoritmos metaheurísticos, los modelos sustitutos y las técnicas de aprendizaje automático, junto con el potencial de los materiales avanzados y adaptativos en contextos urbanos complejos. Finalmente, se discuten las limitaciones actuales, las oportunidades para reducir el costo computacional y las perspectivas emergentes, como el uso de materiales inteligentes, estrategias de control adaptativo y diseños impulsados por topología. Al reunir estos desarrollos, este trabajo traza una ruta integral hacia el diseño de VAWT más eficientes, resilientes y adaptados al contexto, contribuyendo al avance de soluciones sostenibles en energía eólica.

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