Vol. 27 No. 2 (2022): Anuario de Historia Regional y de las Fronteras
Articles

From Internal Conflict to Total War. Evolution and International Intervention in the Ogadén War (1976-1980)

Pablo Arconada-Ledesma
Secretario del Observatorio de Estudios Africanos
Bio

Published 2022-07-19

Keywords

  • Ethiopia,
  • Somalia,
  • War,
  • International Intervention,
  • Border

How to Cite

Arconada-Ledesma, P. (2022). From Internal Conflict to Total War. Evolution and International Intervention in the Ogadén War (1976-1980). Anuario De Historia Regional Y De Las Fronteras, 27(2), 315–338. https://doi.org/10.18273/revanu.v27n2-2022012

Abstract

This research focuses on the Ogadén War, which has traditionally been seen as a war between two states. However, it is necessary to broaden the view of this border conflict as the role of non state actors such as the Western Somali Liberation Front, which became a key factor during the first months of the war, has been underestimated. This study therefore seeks to deepen the analysis of a regional war, embedded in the Cold War, with two novel aspects. The first aims to refute the mainstream position on the time frame in which the war took place, which has traditionally been set at July 1977 to March 1978. The second aspect focuses on examining the role played by foreign powers during the war. Regional and international newspaper sources, audio-visual media and official documentation have been used for this purpose.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. The Washington Post, Washington, 1977 / 1978.
  2. The New York Times, Nueva York, 1977 / 1978.
  3. Intercontinental Press, Paris, 1977.
  4. Le Monde, Paris, 1977 / 1978 / 1979.
  5. Le Réveil de Djibouti, Yibuti, 1978.
  6. The Ethiopian Herald, Addis Abeba, 1978.
  7. El País, Madrid, 1978.
  8. British Pathe Archive, Londres, 1977 / 1978 / 1980.
  9. Associated Press Archive, Nueva York, 1977 / 1978.
  10. History and Public Policy Program Digital Archive, 1977 / 1978.
  11. Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, 33a Sesion, 23a Reunion Plenaria, 5 de octubre de 1978, p. 464. Disponible en: https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/664014 [Consultado por ultima vez el 23-06-2020].
  12. Constitucion de la Republica Democratica de Somalia, 1979. Disponible en: https://www.worldstatesmen.org/Somalia-Constitution1979.pdf [Consultado por ultima vez el 20-06-2020].
  13. S.a.: “Mengistu’s speech on the fourth anniversary of revolution”, 12 de septiembre de 1978, Addis Abeba.
  14. Arnold, Guy. The A to Z of Civil Wars in Africa. Lanham: The Scarecrow Press, INC, 2009.
  15. Cooper, Tom. Wings over Ogadén. The Ethiopian-somali war 1978-1979. Solihull: Helion & Company Limited / South Publishers, 2015.
  16. Dixon, Jeffrey S. y Sarkees, Meredith Reid. A guide to Intra-state wars. An examination of civil, regional, and intercommunal wars, 1816-2014. Londres: SAGE, 2016.
  17. Fantahun, Ayele. The Ethiopian Army: From Victory to Collapse, 1977-1991. Evanston: Northwestern University Press, 2014.
  18. Ginsburgs, George. A Calendar of Soviet Treaties: 1974-1980. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff Publisher, 1987.
  19. Jackson, Donna R. Jimmy Carter and the Horn of Africa. Cold War Policy in Ethiopia and Somalia. Washington: Library of Congress, 2007.
  20. Porter, Bruce D. The USSR in the Third World conflicts.Soviet arms and diplomacy in local wars 1945-1980. Cambridge: Cambridge university press, 1984.
  21. Scharefer, Scott. Ethiopian airpower: From inception to victory in the Ogadén War. Gainesville: University of Florida, 2012.
  22. Arconada Ledesma, Pablo. “Guerras fronterizas en el Cuerno de Africa: el conflicto etiope-somali y sus consecuencias”, en Moreno Seco, Monica (coord.), Fernandez Sirvent, Rafael y Gutierrez Lloret, Rosa Ana (eds.), Del siglo XIX al XXI. Tendencias y debates. Alicante: Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, 2019.
  23. Tareke, Gebru; Kagan, D. y Kagan, F. “Ogaden: ‘Socialist’ Neighbors at War”, en Tareke, Gebru (ed.), The Ethiopian Revolution: War in the Horn of Africa. New Heaven: Yale University Press, 2009.
  24. Napper, Larry C. “The Ogaden War: Some implications for Crisis Prevention” en George, Alexander (ed.), Managing U.s.-soviet Rivalry: Problems of Crisis Prevention. Nueva York: Routledge, 1983.
  25. Lockyer, Adam. “Opposing Foreign Intervention’s Impact on the Warfare in Civil Wars: the case of the Ethiopian-Ogaden Civil War, 1976–1980” African Security 11.2 (2018).
  26. Laitin, David. “The War in the Ogaden: Implications for Siyaad’s Role in Somali History”, en The Journal of Modern African Studies 17.1 (1979).
  27. Ododa, Harry. “Somalia’s Domestic Politics and Foreign Relations since the Ogaden War of 1977-78” Middle Eastern Studies 21.3 (1985).
  28. Lewis, Ioan Myrddin. “The Ogaden and the Fragility of Somali Segmentary Nationalism”, en African Affairs 88.353 (1989).
  29. Mosca, Liliana. “Il conflitto dell’Ogaden: l’hotspot africano piu pericoloso nel tempo della guerra fredda”, Rivista di Studi Politici Internazionali 82 (2015).
  30. Urban, Mark. “Soviet intervention and the Ogaden counter-offensive of 1978” The RUSI Journal 128.2 (1983).
  31. Arconada Ledesma, Pablo. “From irredentism to State disintegration: Greater Somalia during Siad Barre Regime (1969-1991)” Revista Universitara de Sociologie 14.1 (2018).
  32. Clarke, S. Walter. “The Easy Dream: A Footnote to the Ogaden War” Northeast African Studies, 13.1 (1991).
  33. Makinda, Samuel M. “Conflict and the superpowers in the horn of Africa” Third World Quarterly, 4.1 (1982).
  34. Nkaisserry, Joseph K. NKAISSERRY. “The Ogaden war: An Analysis of its Causes and its Impact on Regional Peace on the Horn of Africa”, Strategy Research Project, 1997. Disponible en: http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a326941.pdf (5 de mayo de 2021).