Manufacturing of building block with industrial waste from oaxacan mezcal in México.

Abstract

The construction industry is the third source of global pollution that produces a high environmental impact from manufacturing to the final disposal of waste. At the same time, access to housing is a demanding problem for low-income families living in vulnerable conditions. In addition, the Oaxacan mezcal industry discards pollutant residues, only in 2020, it generated 110,000 m³ of vinasse and 41,000 tons of bagasse, waste that, when mixed with clayey soil, paper sludge, nopal mucilage, cement, and lime, formed solid and hollow blocks with mechanical molding. The results of resistance to compression of the hollow blocks were 40.15 kg/cm² and 67.11 kg/cm² for the solid blocks, being feasible for their use in dividing walls by the NOM-441- ONNCCE. Furthermore, the platform Ener Habitat helped us to test the thermal capacity based on thermal tests and thermophysical characterizations. The solid block obtained the best result in the annual energy reduction factor concerning adobe, light concrete block, and annealed red brick. It is possible to consider the block as a construction system applicable to thermal, energetic, and environmentally economic housing units without having specialized labor for construction.