v. 37 n. 1 (2024): Revista ION
Artigos

Adaptação de leveduras: fatores que influenciam o estresse fermentativo do gênero saccharomyces na vinificação. Uma revisão.

Diego Enrique Ochoa Flórez
Universidad de Pamplona

Publicado 2024-07-24

Palavras-chave

  • Adaptação,
  • Biomassa,
  • Stress fermentativo,
  • Fermentação,
  • Mosto,
  • Modificação de nutrientes de leveduras,
  • Saccharomyces,
  • Rendimentos,
  • Seleção de leveduras,
  • Tolerância,
  • Vinificação
  • ...Mais
    Menos

Como Citar

Ochoa Flórez, D. E., Duran Osorio, D. S. ., & Trujillo Navarro, Y. Y. . (2024). Adaptação de leveduras: fatores que influenciam o estresse fermentativo do gênero saccharomyces na vinificação. Uma revisão. REVISTA ION, 37(1), 83–98. https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v37n1-2024006

Resumo

A adaptabilidade de leveduras do gênero Saccharomyces está relacionada à predisposição da biomassa ao estresse fermentativo, afetando diretamente seu metabolismo e rendimento fermentativo. O objetivo da revisão foi expor os fatores de incidência de estresse fermentativo do gênero Saccharomyces e avaliar as tendências atuais utilizadas na modificação de leveduras para aumentar sua capacidade de adaptação ao meio fermentativo. Para tanto, foi realizada uma busca de informações em bases de dados científicas, levando em consideração descritores-chave, tesauros e equações de busca. Os documentos foram selecionados e classificados levando-se em conta sua especificidade com o objetivo da pesquisa e os mais representativos por país, centro de pesquisa e autores. Dentro do que foi encontrado, com base na capacidade de adaptação das leveduras, foram identificados 6 fatores de estresse, quais sejam: genéticos, ativação ou inoculação, mistura de leveduras, condições nutricionais, tolerância ao álcool e fermentação. Desses fatores, destacam-se os genéticos, uma vez que as modificações genotípicas e fenotípicas atuais baseiam-se na supressão de genes que aumentam a predisposição ao estresse. Com relação aos fatores de fermentação e nutrientes, afirma-se que as variáveis fermentativas devem ser controladas para garantir o meio ótimo. Finalmente, alcançar melhores condições de fermentação faz com que as leveduras sejam mais adaptadas ao ambiente, por isso essas biomassas devem ser selecionadas e classificadas para otimizar os processos de vinificação.

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