Artigos
Um olhar sobre o desenvolvimento de aditivos para redução da viscosidade e suas aplicações no transporte de petróleo pesado
Publicado 2019-08-30
Palavras-chave
- Aditivo,
- asfaltenos,
- nano-cúmulos,
- viscosidade,
- transporte de cru.
Como Citar
Remolina Campos, S. A., Luna Cáceres, C. A., Espitia Castellanos, J., & Patiño Reyes, Édgar J. (2019). Um olhar sobre o desenvolvimento de aditivos para redução da viscosidade e suas aplicações no transporte de petróleo pesado. REVISTA ION, 32(1), 35–48. https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v32n1-2019003
Resumo
A presente revisão considera a problemática que apresentam os crus pesados, devido a sua alta viscosidade, dificultando o seu transporte pela tubulação e sua direita relação com a fracção de asfaltenos, cujo empilhamento gera câmbios na reologia do cru, altas perdas de pressão e maiores requerimentos energéticos no bombeamento, até o tamponamento da tubulação. As pesquisas reportadas têm se direcionado em predizer e elucidar a composição estrutural dos asfaltenos, ressaltando modelos que descrevem aos asfaltenos como sistemas de anéis aromáticos policondensados, que podem-se
unir pelas interações de Van der Waals formando agregados, também como estruturas hierárquicas de sistemas de anéis de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH), que finalizam na formação de clusters. Também se ressalta o modelo termodinâmico coloidal, o qual prediz moléculas de asfaltenos suspensas numa fase liquida, estabilizada pelas resinas adsorvidas na sua superfície.
Uma alternativa para reduzir a viscosidade dos crudes é a inclusão de aditivos, que através de interações moleculares apropriadas geram a dispersão de agregados asfaltênicos, refletidos na diminuição da viscosidade. Para eles, ao projetar aditivos redutores de viscosidade para óleos crus, é importante projetar estruturas moleculares com certos grupos funcionais associados a aminas, amidas, álcoois, ácidos, entre outros, que favoreçam interações que geram dispersão de asfaltenos. Portanto, e a fim de fornecer uma visão ampla desta linha de pesquisa tão extensa, este documento é finalizado com uma revisão de alguns aditivos redutores de viscosidade implementados por diferentes pesquisadores.
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Referências
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[3] Shokrlu YH, Babadagli T. Viscosity reduction of heavy oil/bitumen using micro- and nanometal particles during aqueous and nonaqueous thermal applications. J Pet Sci Eng. 2014;119:210-20.
[4] Li Y, Gao H, Pu W, Wei B, Chen Y, Li D, et al. Viscosity profile prediction of a heavy crude oil during lifting in twodeep artesian wells. Chinese J Chem Eng. 2017;25:976-82.
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[7] Saniere A, Hénaut I, Argillier JF. Pipeline transportation of heavy oils, a strategy, economic and technological challenger: oil and gas. Oil Gas Sci Technol IFP. 2004;59(5):455-66.
[8] Owen NA, Inderwildi OR, King DA. The status of conventional world oil reserves-Hype or cause for concern? Energy Policy. 2010;38(8):4743-9.
[9] Yan S, Zhuo L, Zhenxue J, Qun L, Dongdong L, Zhiye G. Progress and development trend of unconventional oil and gas geological research. Pet Explor Dev. 2017;44(4):675-85.
[10] Hosseini SH, Hamed SG. A study on the future of unconventional oil development under different oil price scenarios: A system dynamics approach. Energy Policy. 2016;91:64-74.
[11] Alboudwarej H, Felix J (John), Taylor S, Badry R, Bremner C, Brough B, et al. Highlighting Heavy Oil. Oilfield Review. 2006;18(2):38-59.
[12] Oñate-Morales, José Anibal. Rodriguez-Navas RF. Evaluación de las alternativas de transporte de crudo pesado por tuberías: caso aplicado al campo rubiales (tesis pregrado). Bucaramanga, Colombia: Universidad Industrial de Santander; 2012.
[13] Kumar R, Banerjee S, Mandal A, Naiya TK. Flow improvement of heavy crude oil through pipelines using surfactant extracted from soapnuts. J Pet Sci Eng. 2017;152:353-60.
[14] Afra S, Nasr-El-Din HA, Socci D, Cui Z. Green phenolic amphiphile as a viscosity modifier and asphaltenes dispersant for heavy and extra-heavy oil. Fuel. 2018;220:481-9.
[15] Cavicchio CAM, Biazussi JL, de Castro MS, Bannwart AC, Rodriguez OMH, de Carvalho CHM. Experimental study of viscosity effects on heavy crude oil-water core-annular flow pattern. Exp Therm Fluid Sci. 2018; 92:270-85.
[16] Hein FJ. Geology of bitumen and heavy oil: An overview. J Pet Sci Eng. 2017;154:551-63.
[17] Patiño EJ, Martinez CA, Novoa LA, Barrero R. Colombian asphaltenes: The ionic superficial carácter and their interactions with ionic surfactants. En: Rio Oil & Gas Expo and Conference 2014. Rio de Janeiro: Copyright 2014, Brazilian Petroleum, Gas and Biofuels Institute - IBP; 2014.
[18] Afanasjeva N, Lizcano-valbuena WH, Aristizabal N, Mañozca I. Electrodeposición de vanadio y níquel de los asfaltenos de crudos pesados V and Ni electrochemical deposition from asphaltenes in heavy oils. Ing y Compet. 2015;17(2):9-17.
[19] Santos RG, Loh W, Bannwart AC, Trevisan OV. An overview of heavy oil properties and its recovery and transportation methods. Brazilian J Chem Eng. 2014;31(3):571-90.
[20] Husin H, Azizi A, Husna A. An overview of viscosity reducers in heavy crude oil production. En: ResearchGate, Conference: Chemeca; 2014 sep; At Perth, Australia. p. Paper No. 838.
[21] Djemiat DE, Safri A, Benmounah A, Safi B. Rheological behavior of an Algerian crude oil containing Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) as a surfactant: Flow test and study in dynamic mode. J Pet Sci Eng. 2015;133:184-91.
[22] Alvarez Díaz CJ, Martínez Rey R, Patiño Reyes EJ. Estudio experimental sobre la eficiencia de un tratamiento de ultrasonido en un sistema de flujo continuo para la reducción de viscosidad de crudo pesado. Rev ION. 2013;26(2):47-63.
[23] Subramanian D, Wu K, Firoozabadi A. Ionic liquids as viscosity modifiers for heavy and extra-heavy crude oils. Fuel. 2015;143(December):519-26.
[24] Herrera CD. Modelo de estabilidad de asfaltenos como herramienta para predecir el daño de formación en pozos productores de petróleo con alto contenido de CH4, CO2 o N2 (tesis maestría). Medellín, Colombia: Universidad Nacional De Colombia; 2015.
[25] Abarca Vinueza AG. Estudio del efecto de reductores de viscosidad en crudos pesados (tesis pregrado). Quito, Ecuador: Escuela Politécnica Nacional; 2016.
[26] Camacho Briones C, Cámara Mendoza JR. Evaluación de las tecnologías aplicadas al transporte de crudo pesado en tuberías (tesis pregrado). México D. F., México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma De México; 2014.
[27] Buenrostro-Gonzalez E, Groenzin H, Lira-Galeana C, Mullins OC. Asphaltenes. Energy & Fuels. 2001;15(13):972–8.
[28] Akbarzadeh K, Hammami A, Zhang D, Allenson S, Creek J, Kabir S, et al. Asphaltenes—problematic but rich in potential. Oilfield Review. 2007;22-43.
[29] Groenzin H, Mullins OC. Molecular size and structure of asphaltenes. Pet. Sci. Technol. 2001;19:219-30.
[30] Mullins OC. Review of the molecular struction and aggregation of asphaltenes and petroleomics. SPE J. 2008;13(1):48-57.
[31] Langevin D, Argillier JF. Interfacial behavior of asphaltenes. Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 2016;233:83-93.
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