Articles
Impact of CO2 on cell density in six marine microalgae strains
Published 2015-12-30
Keywords
- Microalgae,
- Cell Density,
- CO2,
- Massive Culture.
How to Cite
Oscanoa Huaynate, A. I., Ynga Huamán, G. A., Chang Ávila, I. L., & Aguilar Samanamud, C. P. (2015). Impact of CO2 on cell density in six marine microalgae strains. Revista ION, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v28n2-2015002
Abstract
As microalgae can capture CO2 easily from the environment, it is interesting to measure the amount and time control of the entry of this gas into microalgae mass culture, in order to increase cell density. The aim of this study was to evaluate the injection times of CO2 for biomass production that may lead to a higher cell density, it was also evaluated the pH variation without altering the quality of the crop. The work was made with six strains from the Germplasm Bank of the Instituto del Mar del Perú. There were performed cultures like 300L batch in a greenhouse, the cultivation time of the exponential phase lasted three days. The slope of the regression line parameters was analyzed to process data. The results showed that the cell density is inversely proportional to CO2 injection time cultivation. The higher cell density was obtained after 5 min in different strains, except for strains Chaetoceros gracilis and Nannochloris maculate. Those microalgae got the highest density at 10 and 15min, respectively. The variation of pH tended toward acidity in a range from 8 to 4, without altering the cell density and the cultures remained free of contaminants. In conclusion, the results can establish the appropriate times of CO2 injection, which strengthen the exponential growth phase by increasing population density in 30% over the usual results of this phase.
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References
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[2] Wackett L. Microbial-based fuels: science and technology. Microb Biotechnol. 2008;1:211–25.
[3] Skjanes K, Lindblad P, Muller J. BiOCO2 - a multidisciplinary, biological approach using solar energy to capture CO2 while producing H2 and high value products. Biomol Eng. 2007;24:405–13.
[4] Pulz O, Gross W. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004;65:635–48.
[5] Um B, Kim Y. Review: A change for Korea to advance algal-biodiesel technology. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2009;15(1):1-7.
[6] Šoštarie M, Golob J, Bricelj M, Klinar D, Pivec A. Studies on the growth of Chlorella vulgarisin culture media with different carbon sources. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2009;23(4):471-7.
[7] Costa J, Linde G, Atala D, Mibielli G. Modelling of growth conditions for cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in microcosms. World J. Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000;16(1):15–8.
[8] Crutzen P, Mosier A, Smith K, Winiwarter W. N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008;8:389–95.
[9] De Morais M, Costa J. Biofixation of carbon dioxide by Spirulina sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in a three-stage serial tubular photobioreactor. J. Biotechnol, 2007;129:439–45.
[10] Jeong L, Gillis J, Hwang J. Carbon dioxide mitigation by microalgal photosynthesis. Bull. Korean. Chem. Soc. 2003;24(12):1763-6.
[11] Hughes E, Benemann J. Biological fossil CO2 mitigation. Energy. Convers. Manage. 1997;38:467-73.
[12] Oswald W, Golueke C. Biological transformation of solar energy. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 1960;11:223-262.
[13] Benemann JR, Weissman JC, Koopman BL, Oswald WJ. Energy production by microbial photosynthesis. Nature. 1977;268(5615):19–23.
[14] Sheehan J, Dunahay T, Benemann J, Roessler P. A look back at the US Department of Energy’s aquatic species program—Biodiesel from algae (NREL/TP-580-24190). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), US DOE;1998.
[15] Benemann J. Biofixation of CO2 and greenhouse gas abatement with algae – technology roadmap. Report No. 7010000926. Morgantown, United States: Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; 2003.
[16] National Energy Technology Laboratory. Recovery and sequestration of CO2 from stationary combustion systems by photosynthesis of microalgae. Pittsburgh, Estados Unidos: Nakamura T; 2004.
[17] Bayless, D, Kremer, G, Vis-Chiasson, M, Stuart, B, Shi, L. Photosynthetic CO2 Mitigation Using a Novel Membrane-Based Photobioreactor. J. Environ. Eng. Manag. 2006;16(4):209-15.
[18] Usui N, Ikenouchi M. The biological CO2fixation and utilization project by RITE (1) – highly effective photobioreactor systems. Energy Conserv. Mgmt. 1996;38:S487-92.
[19] Ikuta Y, Weissman J. Carbon dioxide utilization-microalgae. Technology. 2000;75:137-45.
[20] Nakajima Y, Ueda R. The effect of reducing light-harvesting pigment on marine microalgal productivity. J. App. Phycol. 2000;12:285–90.
[21] Matsumoto H, Hamasaki A, Sioji N, Ikuta Y. Influence of CO2, SO2, and NO in Flue Gas on Microalgae Productivity. J. Chem. Eng. 1997;30(4):620–24.
[22] Papazi A, Makridis P, Divanach P, Kotzabasis K. Bioenergetic changes in the microalgal photosynthetic apparatus by extremely high CO2 concentrations induce an intense biomass production. Physiol. Plant. 2008;132(3):338-49.
[23] Hodaifa G, Martinez M, Sanchez S. Daily doses of light in relation to the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in diluted threephase olive mill wastewater. J. Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2009;84:1550–8.
[24] Pulz O. Photobioreactors: production systems for phototrophic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001;57(3):287–93.
[25] Fadhil S. Microalgae tolerance to high concentrations of carbon dioxide: A review. J. Environment. Protection. 2011;2:648-654.
[26] Chiu S, Kao C, Chen C, Kuan T, Ong S, Lin C. Reduction of CO2 by a high-density culture of Chlorella sp. In a semicontinuous photobioreactor. Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99(9):3389–96.
[27] Babcock R, Malda J, Radway J. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a tubular air-lift photobioreactor. J. Appl. Phycol. 2002;14:169–14.
[28] Morita M, Watanabe Y, Okawa T, Saiki H. Photosynthetic productivity of conical helical tubular photobioreactors incorporating Chlorella sp. under various culture medium flow conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2001;74(2):136–44.
[29] Merchuk J, Gluz M, Mukmenev I. Comparison of photobioreactors for cultivation of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2000;75(12):1119–26.
[30] Lee Y, Pirt S. CO2 absorption rate in an algal culture: effect of pH. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol.1984;34(1):28–32.
[31] Keffer J, Kleinheinz G. Use of Chlorella vulgaris for CO2 mitigation in a photobioreactor. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2002;29:275–80.
[32] Iwasaki I, Hu Q, Kurano N, Miyachi S. Effect of Extremely High-CO2 Stress on Energy Distribution Between Photosystem I and Photosystem II in a High-CO2 Tolerant Green Alga, Chlorococcum littorale and the Intolerant Green Alga Stichococcus bacillaris. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 1998;44(3):184–90.
[33] Murakami M, Ikenouchi M. The biological CO2fixation and utilization by RITE (2) Screening and breeding of microalgae with high capability in fixing CO2. Energy Conv. Manag. 1997;38:S493-7.
[34] Vinod K. Feels algae are not yet ready for primetime?. Oilgae. Disponible en: http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2008/10/vinod-khosla-feels-algae-arenot-yet.html. Acceso el 20 de octubre del 2014.
[35] Sierra E, Acien F, Fernadez J, Garcia J, Gonzalez C, Molina E. Characterization of a flat plate protobioreactor for the production of microlagae. Chem. Eng. J. 2008;138:136-147.
[36] Zhang K, Kurano N, Miyachi S. Optimized aeration by carbon dioxide gas for microalgal production and mass transfer characterization in a vertical flat-plate photobioreactor. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2002;25:97–101.
[37] Jeong Y, Ishida K, Ito Y, Okada S, Murakami M. Bacillamide, a novel algicide from the marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. SY-1 against the harmful dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001;4:8005–7.
[38] Douskova I, Doucha J, Livansky K, Machat J, Novak P, Umysova D, Zachleder V, Vitova M. Simultaneous flue gas bioremediation and reduction of microalgal biomass production costs. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009;82:179-85.
[39] Benemann J, Tillet D, Weissman J. Microalgae biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology. 1987;5:47-53.
[40] Coleman J. The molecular and biochemical analyses of CO2-concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria and microalgae. Plant Cell Environ. 1991;14:861–7.
[41] Miller A, Espie G, Canvin D. Physiological-aspects of CO2 and HCO3 − transport by cyanobacteria — a review. Can J Bot Rev Can Bot. 1990;68:1291–302.
[42] Badger M, Price G. Carbonic-anhydrase activity associated with the Cyanobacterium synechococcus PCC7942. Plant Physiol. 1989;89:51–60.
[43] Roncarati A, Meluzzi A, Acciarri S, Tallarico N, Melotti P. Fatty Acid of Different Microalgae Strains (Nannochloropsis sp., Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd, Nannochloropsis atomus Butcher and Isochrysis sp.) According to the culture Phase and the Carbon Dioxide Concentration. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 2004;35(3):401-11.
[44] Brennan L, Owende P. Biofuels from microalgae – A review of technologies for production, processing and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renew. Sustainable Energy Rev. 2010;14:557-577.
[45] Mann G, Schlegel M, Schumann R, Sakalauskas A. Biogas-conditioning with microalgae. Agron. Res. 2009;7(1):33-8.
[46] Park J, Craggs R, Shilton A. Recycling algae to improve species control and harvest efficiency from a high rate algal pond. Water Res. 2011;45:6637-49.
[47] Martínez L. Eliminación de CO2 con microalgas autóctonas (Tesis Doctoral) León, España: Instituto de Recursos Naturales Universidad de León; 2008.
[48] Mendoza H, De la Jara A, Portillo E. Planta piloto de cultivo de microalgas: Desarrollo potencial de nuevas actividades económicas asociadas a la biotecnología en Canarias. España: Gráficas Tenerife S.A. 2011.
[49] Nielsen M. Photosynthetic characteristics of the Coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi(Prymnesiophyceae) exposed to elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon. J. Phycol. 1995;31:715–9.
[50] Myers J. Growth characteristics of algae in relation to the problems of mass culture. In: Algal culture from laboratory to pilot plant, J.S. Burlew (Ed.), Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.1953.
[51] Sung K, Lee J, Shin C, Park S, Choi M. CO2 fixation by Chlorella sp. KR-1 and its cultural characteristics. Biores. Biotechnol. 1999;68:269-73.
[52] Kurano N, Ikemoto H, Miyashita H, Hasegawa T, Hata H, Miyachi S. Fixation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide by Microalgal Photosynthesis. Energy Conversion and Management. 1995;36(6–9):689–92.
[53] Hanagata N, Takeuchi T, Fukuju Y. Tolerance of Microalgae to High CO2 and High Temperature. Phyto-chemistry. 1992;31(10):3345-8.
[54] Maeda K, Owada M, Kimura N, Omata L Ka-rube I. CO2 Fixation from the Flue Gas on Coalfired Thermal Power Plant by Microalgae. Energ. Convers. Manage. 1995;36(6-9):717-20.
[55] Hirata S, Taya M, Tone S. Characterization of Chlorella Cell Cultures in Batch and Continuos Operations under a Photoautotrophic Condition. J. Chem. Eng. of Japan. 1996a;29(6):953-9.
[56] Hirata S, Hayashitani M, Taya M, Tone S. Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Batch Culture of Chlorella sp. Using a Photobioreactior with a Sunlight-Collection Device. J. Mar. Biotechnol. 1996b;81(5)470-2.
[57] Kodama M, Ikemoto H, Miyachi S. A new species of highly CO2-tolreant fast-growing marine microalga suitable for high-density culture. J Mar Biotechnol. 1993;1:21-5.
[58] Seckbach J, Gross H, Nathan M. Growth and photosynthesis of Cyanidium caldariumcultured under pure CO2. Israel J. of Bot. 1971;20:84-90.
[59] Graham L, Wilcox L. Algae. Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall, Inc; 2000.
[60] Gomez A, Jaimes N. Estudio de la incidencia del suministro de CO2 en el crecimiento de las microalgas en un fotobiorreactor a escala laboratorio (Proyecto de pregrado) Bucaramanga, Colombia: Universidad Industrial de Santander; 2010.
[61] Nakano Y, Miyatake K, Okuno H, Hamazaki K, Takenaka S, Honami N, Kiyota M, Aiga I, Kondo J. Growth of Photosynthetic Algae Euglena in High CO2 Conditions and Its Photosynthetic Characteristics. Acta Horticulturae. 1996;440(9):49-54.
[62] Renaud S, Zhou H, Parry D, Loung-Van T, Woo K. Effect of temperature on the growth, total lipid content and fatty acid composition of recently isolated tropical microalgae Isochrysis sp. Nitzschia closterium, Nitzschia paleacea, and commercial species Isochrysis sp. J. Appl. Phycol. 1995;7(6):595-602.
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