Artigos
Impacto do CO2 na densidade celular em seis linhagens de microalgas marinhas
Publicado 2015-12-30
Palavras-chave
- Microalgas,
- Densidade Celular,
- CO2,
- Cultivo Massivo.
Como Citar
Oscanoa Huaynate, A. I., Ynga Huamán, G. A., Chang Ávila, I. L., & Aguilar Samanamud, C. P. (2015). Impacto do CO2 na densidade celular em seis linhagens de microalgas marinhas. REVISTA ION, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v28n2-2015002
Resumo
Devido à facilidade com a qual as microalgas podem capturar CO2 do meio ambiente, é interessante avaliar a quantidade e o tempo da entrada deste no cultivo massivo, a fim de acrescentar a densidade celular. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o tempo de injeção do referenciado gás na produção de biomassa que leva a uma maior densidade celular, avaliando a variação do pH sem prejudicar a qualidade do cultivo. A partir de seis linhagens obtidas do Banco de Germoplasma do Instituto del Mar del Perú, realizaram-se cultivos do tipo batch de 300L em casa de vegetação, o tempo de cultivo da fase exponencial, onde foram realizados os testes, foi de três dias. Os dados foram processados através da análise do parâmetro de inclinação da regressão linear. Os resultados mostraram que a densidade de células tem uma relação negativa com o tempo de injeção de CO2 no cultivo. A maior densidade celular obtida nas diferentes linhagens foi depois de 5min, exceto para as linhagens Chaetoceros gracilis e Nannochloris maculata, as quais alcançam maiores densidades aos 10 e 15min, respectivamente. A Variação do pH tendeu a ser ácido, na gama de 8 a 4, sem alterar a densidade de células, no entanto, os cultivos permaneceram livre de contaminantes. Em conclusão, estes resultados permitem estabelecer tempos adequados para a injeção de CO2, que reforçam a fase de crescimento exponencial acrescentando a densidade populacional num 30% sobre o estabelecido nesta fase.
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Referências
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[2] Wackett L. Microbial-based fuels: science and technology. Microb Biotechnol. 2008;1:211–25.
[3] Skjanes K, Lindblad P, Muller J. BiOCO2 - a multidisciplinary, biological approach using solar energy to capture CO2 while producing H2 and high value products. Biomol Eng. 2007;24:405–13.
[4] Pulz O, Gross W. Valuable products from biotechnology of microalgae. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2004;65:635–48.
[5] Um B, Kim Y. Review: A change for Korea to advance algal-biodiesel technology. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2009;15(1):1-7.
[6] Šoštarie M, Golob J, Bricelj M, Klinar D, Pivec A. Studies on the growth of Chlorella vulgarisin culture media with different carbon sources. Chem. Biochem. Eng. 2009;23(4):471-7.
[7] Costa J, Linde G, Atala D, Mibielli G. Modelling of growth conditions for cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis in microcosms. World J. Microbiol Biotechnol. 2000;16(1):15–8.
[8] Crutzen P, Mosier A, Smith K, Winiwarter W. N2O release from agro-biofuel production negates global warming reduction by replacing fossil fuels. Atmos. Chem. Phys. 2008;8:389–95.
[9] De Morais M, Costa J. Biofixation of carbon dioxide by Spirulina sp. and Scenedesmus obliquus cultivated in a three-stage serial tubular photobioreactor. J. Biotechnol, 2007;129:439–45.
[10] Jeong L, Gillis J, Hwang J. Carbon dioxide mitigation by microalgal photosynthesis. Bull. Korean. Chem. Soc. 2003;24(12):1763-6.
[11] Hughes E, Benemann J. Biological fossil CO2 mitigation. Energy. Convers. Manage. 1997;38:467-73.
[12] Oswald W, Golueke C. Biological transformation of solar energy. Adv. Appl. Microbiol. 1960;11:223-262.
[13] Benemann JR, Weissman JC, Koopman BL, Oswald WJ. Energy production by microbial photosynthesis. Nature. 1977;268(5615):19–23.
[14] Sheehan J, Dunahay T, Benemann J, Roessler P. A look back at the US Department of Energy’s aquatic species program—Biodiesel from algae (NREL/TP-580-24190). Golden, CO: National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), US DOE;1998.
[15] Benemann J. Biofixation of CO2 and greenhouse gas abatement with algae – technology roadmap. Report No. 7010000926. Morgantown, United States: Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory; 2003.
[16] National Energy Technology Laboratory. Recovery and sequestration of CO2 from stationary combustion systems by photosynthesis of microalgae. Pittsburgh, Estados Unidos: Nakamura T; 2004.
[17] Bayless, D, Kremer, G, Vis-Chiasson, M, Stuart, B, Shi, L. Photosynthetic CO2 Mitigation Using a Novel Membrane-Based Photobioreactor. J. Environ. Eng. Manag. 2006;16(4):209-15.
[18] Usui N, Ikenouchi M. The biological CO2fixation and utilization project by RITE (1) – highly effective photobioreactor systems. Energy Conserv. Mgmt. 1996;38:S487-92.
[19] Ikuta Y, Weissman J. Carbon dioxide utilization-microalgae. Technology. 2000;75:137-45.
[20] Nakajima Y, Ueda R. The effect of reducing light-harvesting pigment on marine microalgal productivity. J. App. Phycol. 2000;12:285–90.
[21] Matsumoto H, Hamasaki A, Sioji N, Ikuta Y. Influence of CO2, SO2, and NO in Flue Gas on Microalgae Productivity. J. Chem. Eng. 1997;30(4):620–24.
[22] Papazi A, Makridis P, Divanach P, Kotzabasis K. Bioenergetic changes in the microalgal photosynthetic apparatus by extremely high CO2 concentrations induce an intense biomass production. Physiol. Plant. 2008;132(3):338-49.
[23] Hodaifa G, Martinez M, Sanchez S. Daily doses of light in relation to the growth of Scenedesmus obliquus in diluted threephase olive mill wastewater. J. Chem Technol Biotechnol. 2009;84:1550–8.
[24] Pulz O. Photobioreactors: production systems for phototrophic microorganisms. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2001;57(3):287–93.
[25] Fadhil S. Microalgae tolerance to high concentrations of carbon dioxide: A review. J. Environment. Protection. 2011;2:648-654.
[26] Chiu S, Kao C, Chen C, Kuan T, Ong S, Lin C. Reduction of CO2 by a high-density culture of Chlorella sp. In a semicontinuous photobioreactor. Bioresour. Technol. 2008;99(9):3389–96.
[27] Babcock R, Malda J, Radway J. Hydrodynamics and mass transfer in a tubular air-lift photobioreactor. J. Appl. Phycol. 2002;14:169–14.
[28] Morita M, Watanabe Y, Okawa T, Saiki H. Photosynthetic productivity of conical helical tubular photobioreactors incorporating Chlorella sp. under various culture medium flow conditions. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2001;74(2):136–44.
[29] Merchuk J, Gluz M, Mukmenev I. Comparison of photobioreactors for cultivation of the red microalga Porphyridium sp. J. Chem. Technol. Biotechnol. 2000;75(12):1119–26.
[30] Lee Y, Pirt S. CO2 absorption rate in an algal culture: effect of pH. J. Chem. Tech. Biotechnol.1984;34(1):28–32.
[31] Keffer J, Kleinheinz G. Use of Chlorella vulgaris for CO2 mitigation in a photobioreactor. J. Ind. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2002;29:275–80.
[32] Iwasaki I, Hu Q, Kurano N, Miyachi S. Effect of Extremely High-CO2 Stress on Energy Distribution Between Photosystem I and Photosystem II in a High-CO2 Tolerant Green Alga, Chlorococcum littorale and the Intolerant Green Alga Stichococcus bacillaris. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 1998;44(3):184–90.
[33] Murakami M, Ikenouchi M. The biological CO2fixation and utilization by RITE (2) Screening and breeding of microalgae with high capability in fixing CO2. Energy Conv. Manag. 1997;38:S493-7.
[34] Vinod K. Feels algae are not yet ready for primetime?. Oilgae. Disponible en: http://www.oilgae.com/blog/2008/10/vinod-khosla-feels-algae-arenot-yet.html. Acceso el 20 de octubre del 2014.
[35] Sierra E, Acien F, Fernadez J, Garcia J, Gonzalez C, Molina E. Characterization of a flat plate protobioreactor for the production of microlagae. Chem. Eng. J. 2008;138:136-147.
[36] Zhang K, Kurano N, Miyachi S. Optimized aeration by carbon dioxide gas for microalgal production and mass transfer characterization in a vertical flat-plate photobioreactor. Bioproc. Biosyst. Eng. 2002;25:97–101.
[37] Jeong Y, Ishida K, Ito Y, Okada S, Murakami M. Bacillamide, a novel algicide from the marine bacterium, Bacillus sp. SY-1 against the harmful dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides. Tetrahedron Lett. 2001;4:8005–7.
[38] Douskova I, Doucha J, Livansky K, Machat J, Novak P, Umysova D, Zachleder V, Vitova M. Simultaneous flue gas bioremediation and reduction of microalgal biomass production costs. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 2009;82:179-85.
[39] Benemann J, Tillet D, Weissman J. Microalgae biotechnology. Trends in Biotechnology. 1987;5:47-53.
[40] Coleman J. The molecular and biochemical analyses of CO2-concentrating mechanisms in cyanobacteria and microalgae. Plant Cell Environ. 1991;14:861–7.
[41] Miller A, Espie G, Canvin D. Physiological-aspects of CO2 and HCO3 − transport by cyanobacteria — a review. Can J Bot Rev Can Bot. 1990;68:1291–302.
[42] Badger M, Price G. Carbonic-anhydrase activity associated with the Cyanobacterium synechococcus PCC7942. Plant Physiol. 1989;89:51–60.
[43] Roncarati A, Meluzzi A, Acciarri S, Tallarico N, Melotti P. Fatty Acid of Different Microalgae Strains (Nannochloropsis sp., Nannochloropsis oculata (Droop) Hibberd, Nannochloropsis atomus Butcher and Isochrysis sp.) According to the culture Phase and the Carbon Dioxide Concentration. J. World Aquacult. Soc. 2004;35(3):401-11.
[44] Brennan L, Owende P. Biofuels from microalgae – A review of technologies for production, processing and extractions of biofuels and co-products. Renew. Sustainable Energy Rev. 2010;14:557-577.
[45] Mann G, Schlegel M, Schumann R, Sakalauskas A. Biogas-conditioning with microalgae. Agron. Res. 2009;7(1):33-8.
[46] Park J, Craggs R, Shilton A. Recycling algae to improve species control and harvest efficiency from a high rate algal pond. Water Res. 2011;45:6637-49.
[47] Martínez L. Eliminación de CO2 con microalgas autóctonas (Tesis Doctoral) León, España: Instituto de Recursos Naturales Universidad de León; 2008.
[48] Mendoza H, De la Jara A, Portillo E. Planta piloto de cultivo de microalgas: Desarrollo potencial de nuevas actividades económicas asociadas a la biotecnología en Canarias. España: Gráficas Tenerife S.A. 2011.
[49] Nielsen M. Photosynthetic characteristics of the Coccolithophorid Emiliania huxleyi(Prymnesiophyceae) exposed to elevated concentrations of dissolved inorganic carbon. J. Phycol. 1995;31:715–9.
[50] Myers J. Growth characteristics of algae in relation to the problems of mass culture. In: Algal culture from laboratory to pilot plant, J.S. Burlew (Ed.), Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC.1953.
[51] Sung K, Lee J, Shin C, Park S, Choi M. CO2 fixation by Chlorella sp. KR-1 and its cultural characteristics. Biores. Biotechnol. 1999;68:269-73.
[52] Kurano N, Ikemoto H, Miyashita H, Hasegawa T, Hata H, Miyachi S. Fixation and Utilization of Carbon Dioxide by Microalgal Photosynthesis. Energy Conversion and Management. 1995;36(6–9):689–92.
[53] Hanagata N, Takeuchi T, Fukuju Y. Tolerance of Microalgae to High CO2 and High Temperature. Phyto-chemistry. 1992;31(10):3345-8.
[54] Maeda K, Owada M, Kimura N, Omata L Ka-rube I. CO2 Fixation from the Flue Gas on Coalfired Thermal Power Plant by Microalgae. Energ. Convers. Manage. 1995;36(6-9):717-20.
[55] Hirata S, Taya M, Tone S. Characterization of Chlorella Cell Cultures in Batch and Continuos Operations under a Photoautotrophic Condition. J. Chem. Eng. of Japan. 1996a;29(6):953-9.
[56] Hirata S, Hayashitani M, Taya M, Tone S. Carbon Dioxide Fixation in Batch Culture of Chlorella sp. Using a Photobioreactior with a Sunlight-Collection Device. J. Mar. Biotechnol. 1996b;81(5)470-2.
[57] Kodama M, Ikemoto H, Miyachi S. A new species of highly CO2-tolreant fast-growing marine microalga suitable for high-density culture. J Mar Biotechnol. 1993;1:21-5.
[58] Seckbach J, Gross H, Nathan M. Growth and photosynthesis of Cyanidium caldariumcultured under pure CO2. Israel J. of Bot. 1971;20:84-90.
[59] Graham L, Wilcox L. Algae. Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall, Inc; 2000.
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