v. 36 n. 1 (2023): Revista ION
Artigos

Avaliação econômica e ambiental das tecnologias de uso do biogás e perspectivas de análise multicritéria

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  • Jean Agustín Velásquez-Piñas,
  • Orly Denisse Calle-Roalcaba,
  • Luis Ramiro Miramontes-Martínez,
  • Leonardo Alexis Alonso Gómez
Jean Agustín Velásquez-Piñas
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Orly Denisse Calle-Roalcaba
Universidade Federal de Uberlândia
Luis Ramiro Miramontes-Martínez
Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León
Leonardo Alexis Alonso Gómez
Universidad de los Llanos
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v36n1-2023003

Publicado 2023-02-28

Palavras-chave

  • Digestão anaeróbica,
  • Resíduo orgânico,
  • Análise do ciclo de vida,
  • Valor presente líquido

Como Citar

Velásquez-Piñas, J. A. ., Calle-Roalcaba, O. D. ., Miramontes-Martínez, L. R. ., & Alonso Gómez, L. A. (2023). Avaliação econômica e ambiental das tecnologias de uso do biogás e perspectivas de análise multicritéria. REVISTA ION, 36(1), 29–47. https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v36n1-2023003

Copyright (c) 2023 Jean Agustín Velásquez-Piñas, Orly Denisse Calle-Roalcaba, Luis Ramiro Miramontes-Martínez, Leonardo Alexis Alonso Gómez

Creative Commons License
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Resumo

A tecnologia de digestão anaeróbica (DA) é um processo implementado para produzir biogás e digestato, gerenciando resíduos orgânicos. O biogás produzido pode ser convertido em eletricidade de origem renovável e o digestor em fertilizador. A comercialização adequada dessa eletricidade permite reduzir as emissões de gases de efeito estufa (EGEI) pela substituição da eletricidade de origem fóssil e o fertilizador pode reduzir o uso de fertilizantes nitrogenados à base de ureia. Na América Latina, a Promotoria apresenta desafios operacionais, que limitam a comercialização desses produtos e comprometem a sustentabilidade desses projetos em escala industrial. Este artigo apresenta uma análise crítica das principais metodologias utilizadas para quantificar a rentabilidade econômica e ambiental da DA, complementada por experiências práticas e teóricas na América Latina. As ferramentas econômicas analisadas foram o valor presente líquido (VNPV), a taxa interna de retorno (IRR) e o período de retorno (PRI), que através de uma análise dos custos operacionais e de capital, e os possíveis rendimentos provenientes da redução do EGEI, permitem quantificar a viabilidade financeira desses projetos. Como critério de desempenho ambiental, foi analisada a metodologia de Análise do Ciclo de Vida, que permite quantificar todas as cargas ambientais evitadas pela AD. As informações coletadas por este trabalho ajudam significativamente a enriquecer o banco de dados sobre o tratamento de resíduos orgânicos e no futuro ajudará na tomada de decisão sobre problemas ambientais.

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