Artigos
Avaliação de lamas de estação de tratamento da águas residuais (ETAR) como matéria-prima para extração de lipídios na produção de biodiesel
Publicado 2018-09-28
Palavras-chave
- lama de ETAR,
- extração,
- ácidos graxos livres,
- metais pesados,
- lípidos
- biodiesel ...Mais
Como Citar
Mancipe Arias, L. M., & Triviño Restrepo, M. del P. (2018). Avaliação de lamas de estação de tratamento da águas residuais (ETAR) como matéria-prima para extração de lipídios na produção de biodiesel. REVISTA ION, 31(1), 71–79. https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v31n1-2018012
Resumo
Nesta pesquisa foi avaliado o potencial de aproveitamento dos lodos residuais, como matéria prima na produção de biodiesel. Foram selecionadas lamas da estação de tratamento de aguas residuais (ETAR) da cidade de Sotaquirá – Boyacá, Colômbia, determinando-se o conteúdo de sólidos totais (ST), sólidos voláteis (SV), concentração de metais pesados, composição química, morfologia e microestrutura da lama. A concentração de lípidos e ácidos graxos realizou-se pelo método Soxhlet de acordo com o Standard Methods 5520E com algumas modificações, usando como solventes n-hexano e metanol, sob dos tempos de extração 4.0 e 2.5 horas. Em relação às lamas, os dados mostraram que os sólidos voláteis são altos, conferindo um importante conteúdo de matéria orgânica. Os rendimentos na extração dos lípidos em base seca com n-hexano e metanol foram de 33.0% e 28.0% com 4 horas, maiores que com 2.5 horas com 19.0 % e 17.0% respectivamente, indicando que o tempo é uma variável significativa na taxa de extração. Os valores obtidos pelos índices de acidez nas amostras foram 215.0% e 208.0%, o que significa que a graxa extraída contém uma elevada quantidade de ácidos graxos livres que serão transformados em biodiesel através de esterificação. Com os resultados obtidos, as lamas das ETARs domésticas representam uma matéria prima alternativa para a extração de lípidos e ácidos graxos livres na produção de biodiesel.
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Referências
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[3] Filipović J, Grčić I, Bermanec V, Kniewald G. Monitoring of total metal concentration in sludge samples: Case study for the mechanical–biological wastewater treatment plant in Velika Gorica, Croatia. Science of the total environment. 2013;447:17-24.
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[6] Hoekman SK, Broch A, Robbins C, Ceniceros E, Natarajan M. Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews. 2012;16(1):143- 69.
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[9] Lin L, Cunshan Z, Vittayapadung S, Xiangqian S, Mingdong D. Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel. Applied energy. 2011;88(4):1020-31.
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[14]Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD, Clesceri LS. 3114 Arsenic and selenium by hydride generation/ atomic absorption spectrometry. En: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22nd ed. Washington: American Public Health Association; 2012. p. 6.
[15]Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD, Clesceri LS. 5520 Oil and grease. En: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22nd ed. Washington: American Public Health Association; 2012. p. 34–40.
[16]Montgomery DC. Diseño y Análisis de Experimentos. Segunda Ed. México: Limusa Wiley; 2004. 681 p.
[17]Vinasco JA. Implementación del análisis cuantitativo de indice de yodo para aceite de palma, aceite de pescado y sebo, en la compañía industrial de productos agropecuarios (CIPA SA) (tesis doctoral). Pereira, Colombia: Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira; 2013.
[18]Turovskiy IS, Mathai PK. Wastewater sludge processing. Canada: Wiley Interscience A John Wiley and Sons, INC.; 2006.
[19]Donado HR. Plan de gestión para lodos generados en las ptar-d de los municipios de Cumaral y San Martín de los llanos en el departamento del Meta (tesis de maestría) Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; 2013.
[20]Ministerio de vivienda, ciudad y territorio. Decreto número 1287 de 2014. Bogotá, Colombia; 2014.
[21]Llano BA, Cardona JF, Ocampo D, Ríos LA. Tratamiento fisicoquímico de las aguas residuales generadas en el proceso de beneficio de arcillas y alternativas de uso de los lodos generados en el proceso. Información tecnológica. 2014:25(3):73-82.
[22]Ling YP, Tham R-H, Lim S-M, Fahim M, Ooi C-H, Krishnan P, et al. Evaluation and reutilization of water sludge from fresh water processing plant as a green clay substituent. Applied Clay Science. 2017;143:300-6.
[23]Valles MG, Ali MH, Hafez HS, Carulla JMN, Torró L, Manent SM. Caracterización de los Lodos de la Depuradora de Sadat (Minufiya, Egipto) para la Obtención de un Material Vitrocerámico. Macla: revista de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía. 2010;(13):95-6.
[24]Olkiewicz M, Fortuny A, Stüber F, Fabregat A, Font J, Bengoa C. Effects of pre-treatments on the lipid extraction and biodiesel production from municipal WWTP sludge. Fuel. 2015;141:250-7.
[25]Olkiewicz M, Plechkova N V., Fabregat A, Stüber F, Fortuny A, Font J, et al. Efficient extraction of lipids from primary sewage sludge using ionic liquids for biodiesel production. Separation and Purification Technology. 2015;153:118-25.
[26]Zhu F, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Jiang H. Preliminary study at lipids extraction technology from municipal sludge by organic solvent. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2012;16:352-6.
[27]Melero JA, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Vasiliadou IA, Martínez Castillejo F, Bautista LF, Iglesias J, et al. Municipal sewage sludge to biodiesel by simultaneous extraction and conversion of lipids. Energy Conversion and Management. 2015;103:111-8.
[28]Bulla Pereira E, Guerrero Fajardo C. Diseño del proceso de producción del biodiesel a partir de aceites de fritura. Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2014.
[29]Murcia Ordoñez B, Chaves LC, RodríguezPérez W, Andredy Murcia M, Alvarado ER. Caracterización de biodiesel obtenido de aceite residual de cocina. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología. 2013;15(1):61-70.
[30]Tejada Benítez L, Henao Argumedo D, Alvear Alayón M, Castillo Sanldarriaga CR. Caracterización y perfil lipídico de aceites de microalgas. Facultad de Ingeniería. 2015;24(39):43-54.
[2] Tyagi VK, Lo SL. Sludge: a waste or renewable source for energy and resources recovery?. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2013;25:708-28.
[3] Filipović J, Grčić I, Bermanec V, Kniewald G. Monitoring of total metal concentration in sludge samples: Case study for the mechanical–biological wastewater treatment plant in Velika Gorica, Croatia. Science of the total environment. 2013;447:17-24.
[4] Siddiquee MN, Rohani S. Experimental analysis of lipid extraction and biodiesel production from wastewater sludge. Fuel processing technology. 2011;92(12):2241-51.
[5] Olkiewicz M, Fortuny A, Stüber F, Fabregat A, Font J, Bengoa C. Evaluation of different sludges from WWTP as a potential source for biodiesel production. Procedia Engineering. 2012;42:634-43.
[6] Hoekman SK, Broch A, Robbins C, Ceniceros E, Natarajan M. Review of biodiesel composition, properties, and specifications. Renewable and sustainable energy reviews. 2012;16(1):143- 69.
[7] Atadashi IM, Aroua MK, Abdul Aziz AR, Sulaiman NMN. The effects of catalysts in biodiesel production: A review. Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry. 2013;19(1):14-26.
[8] Mier MAM, Vargas FES, Fajardo CAG. Producción y caracterización de biodiesel a partir de aceite de pollo. Informador Técnico. 2012;76:62.
[9] Lin L, Cunshan Z, Vittayapadung S, Xiangqian S, Mingdong D. Opportunities and challenges for biodiesel fuel. Applied energy. 2011;88(4):1020-31.
[10]Balat M. Potential alternatives to edible oils for biodiesel production–A review of current work. Energy conversion and management. 2011;52(2):1479-92.
[11] Dias JM, Santos E, Santo F, Carvalho F, AlvimFerraz MCM, Almeida MF. Study of an ethylic biodiesel integrated process: Raw-materials, reaction optimization and purification methods. Fuel Processing Technology. 2014;124:198-205.
[12]Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD, Clesceri LS. 2540 Solids. En: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22nd ed. Washington: American Public Health Association; 2012. p. 55–61.
[13]Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD, Clesceri LS. 3111 Metals by flame atomic absorption spectometry. En: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22nd ed. Washington: American Public Health Association; 2012. p. 10.
[14]Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD, Clesceri LS. 3114 Arsenic and selenium by hydride generation/ atomic absorption spectrometry. En: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22nd ed. Washington: American Public Health Association; 2012. p. 6.
[15]Rice EW, Baird RB, Eaton AD, Clesceri LS. 5520 Oil and grease. En: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 22nd ed. Washington: American Public Health Association; 2012. p. 34–40.
[16]Montgomery DC. Diseño y Análisis de Experimentos. Segunda Ed. México: Limusa Wiley; 2004. 681 p.
[17]Vinasco JA. Implementación del análisis cuantitativo de indice de yodo para aceite de palma, aceite de pescado y sebo, en la compañía industrial de productos agropecuarios (CIPA SA) (tesis doctoral). Pereira, Colombia: Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira; 2013.
[18]Turovskiy IS, Mathai PK. Wastewater sludge processing. Canada: Wiley Interscience A John Wiley and Sons, INC.; 2006.
[19]Donado HR. Plan de gestión para lodos generados en las ptar-d de los municipios de Cumaral y San Martín de los llanos en el departamento del Meta (tesis de maestría) Pontificia Universidad Javeriana; 2013.
[20]Ministerio de vivienda, ciudad y territorio. Decreto número 1287 de 2014. Bogotá, Colombia; 2014.
[21]Llano BA, Cardona JF, Ocampo D, Ríos LA. Tratamiento fisicoquímico de las aguas residuales generadas en el proceso de beneficio de arcillas y alternativas de uso de los lodos generados en el proceso. Información tecnológica. 2014:25(3):73-82.
[22]Ling YP, Tham R-H, Lim S-M, Fahim M, Ooi C-H, Krishnan P, et al. Evaluation and reutilization of water sludge from fresh water processing plant as a green clay substituent. Applied Clay Science. 2017;143:300-6.
[23]Valles MG, Ali MH, Hafez HS, Carulla JMN, Torró L, Manent SM. Caracterización de los Lodos de la Depuradora de Sadat (Minufiya, Egipto) para la Obtención de un Material Vitrocerámico. Macla: revista de la Sociedad Española de Mineralogía. 2010;(13):95-6.
[24]Olkiewicz M, Fortuny A, Stüber F, Fabregat A, Font J, Bengoa C. Effects of pre-treatments on the lipid extraction and biodiesel production from municipal WWTP sludge. Fuel. 2015;141:250-7.
[25]Olkiewicz M, Plechkova N V., Fabregat A, Stüber F, Fortuny A, Font J, et al. Efficient extraction of lipids from primary sewage sludge using ionic liquids for biodiesel production. Separation and Purification Technology. 2015;153:118-25.
[26]Zhu F, Zhao L, Zhang Z, Jiang H. Preliminary study at lipids extraction technology from municipal sludge by organic solvent. Procedia Environmental Sciences. 2012;16:352-6.
[27]Melero JA, Sánchez-Vázquez R, Vasiliadou IA, Martínez Castillejo F, Bautista LF, Iglesias J, et al. Municipal sewage sludge to biodiesel by simultaneous extraction and conversion of lipids. Energy Conversion and Management. 2015;103:111-8.
[28]Bulla Pereira E, Guerrero Fajardo C. Diseño del proceso de producción del biodiesel a partir de aceites de fritura. Colombia: Universidad Nacional de Colombia; 2014.
[29]Murcia Ordoñez B, Chaves LC, RodríguezPérez W, Andredy Murcia M, Alvarado ER. Caracterización de biodiesel obtenido de aceite residual de cocina. Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología. 2013;15(1):61-70.
[30]Tejada Benítez L, Henao Argumedo D, Alvear Alayón M, Castillo Sanldarriaga CR. Caracterización y perfil lipídico de aceites de microalgas. Facultad de Ingeniería. 2015;24(39):43-54.