Artículos científicos
Installation of continuously monitoring geodetic stations for geoscience research at the south Caribbean margin
Franck Albert Audemard- Carlos Reinoza
- Ricardo López
- Karl Feaux
- François Jouanne
Published 2020-05-28
Keywords
- cGPS,
- Geodetic network,
- Caribbean,
- Seismic hazard
How to Cite
Audemard, F. A., Reinoza, C., López, R., Feaux, K., & Jouanne, F. (2020). Installation of continuously monitoring geodetic stations for geoscience research at the south Caribbean margin. Boletín De Geología, 42(2), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v42n2-2020001
Altmetrics
Abstract
Since 2015 six new continuous Global Positioning System (cGPS) and meteorological stations have been installed in Venezuela as part of the Continuously Operating Caribbean GPS Observational Network (COCONet) project (El Baúl-CN41, Quebrada Arriba-CN39, Isla de Aves-CN49, Los Roques-CN42, Isla de Margarita-CN44, and Isla La Blanquilla-CN43). Almost simultaneously, in the framework of the VENCREEP project (ANR-France), a survey composed of two geodetic stations (Saucedo-SAU0 and La Pica Arriba de Catuaro-PAC0) and one creepmeter was installed to study the Pilar Fault. Also, new seven cGPS stations of fifteen planned were acquired through the Tsunami project (FONACIT 2013000361), aiming at densifying the current network. The whole set of stations will improve our knowledge about the local and regional geodynamics. We are sure that the results will have implications for seismic hazard studies.
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References
Altamimi, Z.; Métivier, L.; Collilieux, X. (2012). ITRF2008 plate motion model. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 117(B7). doi: 10.1029/2011JB008930
Altamimi, Z.; Métivier, L.; Rebischung, P.; Rouby, H.; Collilieux, X. (2017). ITRF2014 plate motion model. Geophysical Journal International, 209(3), 1906-1912. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggx136
Anthes, R.; Robock, A.; Antuña-Marrero, J.C.; García, O.; Braun, J.J.; Arredondo, R.E. (2015). Cooperation on GPS Meteorology between the United States and Cuba. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(7), 1079-1088. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00171.1
Audemard, F.A. (2006). Surface rupture of the Cariaco July 09, 1997 earthquake on the El Pilar fault, northeastern Venezuela. Tectonophysics, 424(1-2), 19-39. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.04.018
Audemard, F.A.; Machette, M.; Cox, J.; Dart, R.; Haller, K. (2000). Map and database of quaternary faults in Venezuela and its offshore regions. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-0018. Include map at scale 1:2.000.000 and 78-page report.
Baumbach, M.; Grosser, H.; Romero, G.; Rojas, J.L.; Sobiesiak, M.; Welle, W. (2004). Aftershock pattern of the July 9, 1997 Mw=6.9 Cariaco earthquake in Northeastern Venezuela. Tectonophysics, 379(1-4), 1-23. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.10.018
Bilham, R.; Ozener, H.; Mencin, D.; Dogru, A.; Ergintav, S.; Cakir, Z.; Aytun, A.; Aktug, B.; Yilmaz, O.; Johnson, W.; Mattioli, G. (2016). Surface creep on the North Anatolian Fault at Ismetpasa, Turkey, 1944-2016. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(10), 7409-7431. doi: 10.1002/2016JB013394
Braun, J.; Feaux, K.; Mattioli, G.S.; Miller, M.M.; Normandeau, J.; Lopez, A.M. (2017). The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season as observed by COCONet and HoustonNet - utilizing geodetic infrastructure to observe the atmosphere. AGU Fall Meeting. New Orleans, USA.
Braun, J.J.; Mattioli, G.S.; Calais, E.; Carlson, D.; Dixon, T.H.; Jackson, M.E.; Kursinski, E.R.; Mora-Paez, H.; Miller, M.M.; Pandya, R.; Robertson, R.; Wang, G. (2012). Focused study of interweaving hazards across the Caribbean. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 93(9), 89-90. doi: 10.1029/2012eo090001
Chinnery, M.A. (1961). The deformation of the ground around surface faults. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 51(3), 355-372.
Cioce, V.; Rincón, M.F.; Morales, R.; Wildermann, E.; Royero, G.; Reinoza, C.; Audemard, F.A.; Sánchez, L. (2015). Una alternativa para el mantenimiento del marco de referencia SIRGAS en Venezuela. Simposio Sistema de Referencia Geocéntrico para Las Américas SIRGAS, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
Combrinck, L.; Schmidt, M. (1998). Physical site specifications: geodetic site monumentation. IGS Network System Workshop, Annapolis, USA.
Davis, J. (2001). Alloying: Understanding the Basics. ASM International.
DeMets, C.; Jansma, P.E.; Mattioli, G.S.; Dixon, T.H.; Farina, F.; Bilham, R.; Calais, E.; Mann, P. (2000). GPS geodetic constraints on Caribbean-North America Plate Motion. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(3), 437-440. doi: 10.1029/1999GL005436
Dragert, H.; Wang, K.; James, T.S. (2001). A silent slip event on the deeper Cascadia subduction interface. Science, 292(5521), 1525-1528. doi: 10.1126/science.1060152
Drewes, H.; Kaniuth, K.; Stuber, K.; Tremel, H.; Kahle, H.; Straub, C.; Hernandez, N.; Hoyer, M.; Wildermann, E. (1995). The CASA’93 GPS campaign for crustal deformation research along the South Caribbean plate boundary. Journal Geodynamics, 20(2), 129-144. doi: 10.1016/0264-3707(95)00002-Q
Drewes, H.; Reigber, C.; Stuber, K.; Suarez, M.; Tremel, H.; Henneberg, H.; Hoyer, M.; Chourio, O.; Rekkedal, S. (1989). The Venezuelan part of the CASA/UNO GPS Project. Manuscripta Geodaetica, 14, 339-344.
Eckl, M.C.; Snay, R.A.; Soler, T.; Cline, M.W.; Mader, G.L. (2001). Accuracy of GPS-derived relative positions as a function of interstation distance and observing-session duration. Journal of Geodesy, 75(12), 633-640. doi: 10.1007/s001900100204
Ellis, A.; DeMets, C.; Briole, P.; Cosenza, B.; Flores, O.; Graham, S.E.; Guzmán-Speziale, M.; Hernández, D.; Kostoglodov, V.; LaFemina, P.; Lord, N.; Lasserre, C.; Lyon-Caen, H.; Rodriguez-Maradiaga, M.; McCaffrey, R.; Molina, E.; Rivera, J.; Rogers, R.; Staller, A. (2018). GPS constraints on deformation in northern Central America from 1999 to 2017, Part 1 – Time-dependent modelling of large regional earthquakes and their post-seismic effects. Geophysical Journal International, 214(3), 2177-2194. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggy249
Ellis, A.; DeMets, C.; McCaffrey, R.; Briole, P.; Cosenza-Muralles, B.; Flores, O.; Guzmán-Speziale, M.; Hernández, D.; Kostoglodov, V.; LaFemina, P.; Lord, N.; Lasserre, C.; Lyon-Caen, H.; Rodriguez-Maradiaga, M.; Molina, E.; Rivera, J.; Rogers, R.; Staller, A.; Tikoff, B. (2019). GPS constraints on deformation in northern Central America from 1999 to 2017, Part 2: Block rotations and fault slip rates, fault locking and distributed deformation. Geophysical Journal International, 218(2), 729-754. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggz173
Herring, T.A.; Melbourne, T.I.; Murray, M.H.; Floyd, M.A.; Szeliga, W.M.; King, R.W.; Phillips, D.A.; Puskas, C.M.; Santillan, M.; Wang, L. (2016). Plate Boundary Observatory and related networks: GPS data analysis methods and geodetic products. Reviews of Geophysics, 54(4), 759-808. doi: 10.1002/2016RG000529
Jouanne, F.; Audemard, F.A.; Beck, C.; Van Welden, A.; Ollarves, R.; Reinoza, C. (2011). Present-day deformation along the El Pilar Fault in eastern Venezuela: Evidence of creep along a major transform boundary. Journal of Geodynamics, 51(5), 398-410. doi: 10.1016/j.jog.2010.11.003
Kellogg, J.N.; Dixon, T.H. (1990). Central and South America GPS geodesy - CASA Uno. Geophysical Research Letters, 17(3), 195-198. doi: 10.1029/GL017i003p00195
Kostoglodov, V.; Singh, S.K.; Santiago, J.A.; Franco, S.I.; Larson, K.M.; Lowry, A.R.; Bilham, R. (2003). A large silent earthquake in the Guerrero seismic gap, Mexico. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(15). doi: 10.1029/2003GL017219
Mattioli, G.S.; Feaux, K. (2016). COCONet - Results, Sustainability, and Capacity Building. NSF Community Workshop. Final Workshop Report. EAR-1634055. Punta Cana, Dominican Republic.
Mogollón, J.; Reinoza, C. (2018). Análisis de la cinemática inter-sísmica asociada a la falla de Oca-Ancón mediante el uso de la geodesia espacial de alta resolución. Jornadas de Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería, Caracas, Venezuela.
Mora-Páez, H.; Kellogg, J.N.; Freymueller, J.T.; Mencin, D.; Fernandes, R.M.S.; Diederix, H.; LaFemina, P.; Cardona-Piedrahita, L.; Lizarazo, S.; Peláez-Gaviria, J.R.; Díaz-Mila, F.; Bohórquez-Orozco, O.; Giraldo-Londoño, L.; Corchuelo-Cuervo, Y. (2019). Crustal deformation in the northern Andes – A new GPS velocity field. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 89, 76-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2018.11.002
Normandeau, J.; Meertens, C.; Bartel, B. (2008). GPS antenna monuments and mounts supported by UNAVCO: Options and Effectiveness. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA.
Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 75(4), 1135-1154.
Pérez, O.J.; Bilham, R.; Bendick, R.; Hernández, N.; Hoyer, M.; Velandia, J.R.; Moncayo, C.; Kozuch, M. (2001a). Velocidad relativa entre las placas del Caribe y Sudamérica a partir de observaciones dentro del sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS) en el norte de Venezuela. Interciencia, 26(2), 69-74.
Pérez, O.J.; Bilham, R.; Bendick, R.; Velandia, J.R.; Hernández, N.; Moncayo, C.; Hoyer, M.; Kozuch, M. (2001b). Velocity field across the Southern Caribbean Plate Boundary and estimates of Caribbean/South-American Plate Motion using GPS Geodesy 1994-2000. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(15), 2987-2990. doi: 10.1029/2001GL013183
Pérez, O.J.; Bilham, R.; Sequera, M.; Molina, L.; Gavotti, P.; Codallo, H.; Moncayo, C.; Rodríguez, C.; Velandia, R.; Guzmán, M.; Molnar, P. (2011). Campo de velocidades GPS en el occidente de Venezuela: componente lateral derecha asociada a la Falla de Boconó y componente convergente perpendicular a Los Andes. Interciencia, 36(1), 39-44.
Pérez, O.J.; Wesnousky, S.G.; De La Rosa, R.; Márquez, J.; Uzcátegui, R.; Quintero, C.; Liberal, L.; Mora-Páez, H.; Szeliga, W. (2018). On the interaction of the North Andes plate with the Caribbean and South American plates in northwestern South America from GPS geodesy and seismic data. Geophysical Journal International, 214(3), 1986-2001. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggy230
Pousse-Beltran, L.; Pathier, E.; Jouanne, F.; Vassallo, R.; Reinoza, C.; Audemard, F.; Doin, M.P.; Volat, M. (2016). Spatial and temporal variations in creep rate along the El Pilar fault at the Caribbean-South American plate boundary (Venezuela), from InSAR. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(11), 8276-8296. doi: 10.1002/2016JB013121
Reinoza, C. (2014). Application de la géodésie satellitaire GNSS à haute résolution à la déformation de la marge Sud-Caraïbe. Implication pour l’aléa sismique dans l’Ouest et le Nord-Est du Venezuela. Tesis de Doctorado, Université Grenoble Alpes, France.
Reinoza, C.; Jouanne, F.; Audemard, F.A.; Schmitz, M.; Beck, C. (2015). Geodetic exploration of strain along the El Pilar Fault in northeastern Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(3), 1993-2013. doi: 10.1002/2014JB011483
Silver, E.A.; Case, J.E.; Macgillavry, H.J. (1975). Geophysical study of the Venezuelan Borderland. GSA Bulletin, 86(2), 213-226. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<213:GSOTVB>2.0.CO;2
Sydenham, P.H. (1969). A tensioned-wire strain seismometer. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, 2(12), 1095-1097.
UNAVCO Community (2011). COCONet GPS Network - CN40-CuracaoMetCR2011 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T5BV7DWT
UNAVCO Community (2013). COCONet GPS Network - CN19-ArubaNethARU2013 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T5HD7SZB
UNAVCO Community (2015a). COCONet GPS Network - CN39-QuebradaArribVen P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T55H7DJB
UNAVCO Community (2015b). COCONet GPS Network - CN41-ElBaul_Vene_2015 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T5930RJX
UNAVCO Community (2015c). COCONet GPS Network - CN42-CN42LosRoquesVen P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T5DV1H8B
UNAVCO Community (2016a). COCONet GPS Network - CN44-MargIslndVEN2016 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Ind. doi: 10.7283/T5PV6HR0
UNAVCO Community (2016b). COCONet GPS Network - CN49-CN49_Ave_VEN2015 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/PYY1-4C49
Wang, G.; Liu, H.; Mattioli, S.G.; Miller, M.M.; Feaux, K.; Braun, J. (2019). CARIB18: A stable geodetic reference frame for geological hazard monitoring in the Caribbean region. Remote Sensing, 11(6). doi: 10.3390/rs11060680
Altamimi, Z.; Métivier, L.; Rebischung, P.; Rouby, H.; Collilieux, X. (2017). ITRF2014 plate motion model. Geophysical Journal International, 209(3), 1906-1912. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggx136
Anthes, R.; Robock, A.; Antuña-Marrero, J.C.; García, O.; Braun, J.J.; Arredondo, R.E. (2015). Cooperation on GPS Meteorology between the United States and Cuba. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 96(7), 1079-1088. doi: 10.1175/BAMS-D-14-00171.1
Audemard, F.A. (2006). Surface rupture of the Cariaco July 09, 1997 earthquake on the El Pilar fault, northeastern Venezuela. Tectonophysics, 424(1-2), 19-39. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2006.04.018
Audemard, F.A.; Machette, M.; Cox, J.; Dart, R.; Haller, K. (2000). Map and database of quaternary faults in Venezuela and its offshore regions. US Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-0018. Include map at scale 1:2.000.000 and 78-page report.
Baumbach, M.; Grosser, H.; Romero, G.; Rojas, J.L.; Sobiesiak, M.; Welle, W. (2004). Aftershock pattern of the July 9, 1997 Mw=6.9 Cariaco earthquake in Northeastern Venezuela. Tectonophysics, 379(1-4), 1-23. doi: 10.1016/j.tecto.2003.10.018
Bilham, R.; Ozener, H.; Mencin, D.; Dogru, A.; Ergintav, S.; Cakir, Z.; Aytun, A.; Aktug, B.; Yilmaz, O.; Johnson, W.; Mattioli, G. (2016). Surface creep on the North Anatolian Fault at Ismetpasa, Turkey, 1944-2016. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(10), 7409-7431. doi: 10.1002/2016JB013394
Braun, J.; Feaux, K.; Mattioli, G.S.; Miller, M.M.; Normandeau, J.; Lopez, A.M. (2017). The 2017 Atlantic hurricane season as observed by COCONet and HoustonNet - utilizing geodetic infrastructure to observe the atmosphere. AGU Fall Meeting. New Orleans, USA.
Braun, J.J.; Mattioli, G.S.; Calais, E.; Carlson, D.; Dixon, T.H.; Jackson, M.E.; Kursinski, E.R.; Mora-Paez, H.; Miller, M.M.; Pandya, R.; Robertson, R.; Wang, G. (2012). Focused study of interweaving hazards across the Caribbean. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 93(9), 89-90. doi: 10.1029/2012eo090001
Chinnery, M.A. (1961). The deformation of the ground around surface faults. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 51(3), 355-372.
Cioce, V.; Rincón, M.F.; Morales, R.; Wildermann, E.; Royero, G.; Reinoza, C.; Audemard, F.A.; Sánchez, L. (2015). Una alternativa para el mantenimiento del marco de referencia SIRGAS en Venezuela. Simposio Sistema de Referencia Geocéntrico para Las Américas SIRGAS, Santo Domingo, República Dominicana.
Combrinck, L.; Schmidt, M. (1998). Physical site specifications: geodetic site monumentation. IGS Network System Workshop, Annapolis, USA.
Davis, J. (2001). Alloying: Understanding the Basics. ASM International.
DeMets, C.; Jansma, P.E.; Mattioli, G.S.; Dixon, T.H.; Farina, F.; Bilham, R.; Calais, E.; Mann, P. (2000). GPS geodetic constraints on Caribbean-North America Plate Motion. Geophysical Research Letters, 27(3), 437-440. doi: 10.1029/1999GL005436
Dragert, H.; Wang, K.; James, T.S. (2001). A silent slip event on the deeper Cascadia subduction interface. Science, 292(5521), 1525-1528. doi: 10.1126/science.1060152
Drewes, H.; Kaniuth, K.; Stuber, K.; Tremel, H.; Kahle, H.; Straub, C.; Hernandez, N.; Hoyer, M.; Wildermann, E. (1995). The CASA’93 GPS campaign for crustal deformation research along the South Caribbean plate boundary. Journal Geodynamics, 20(2), 129-144. doi: 10.1016/0264-3707(95)00002-Q
Drewes, H.; Reigber, C.; Stuber, K.; Suarez, M.; Tremel, H.; Henneberg, H.; Hoyer, M.; Chourio, O.; Rekkedal, S. (1989). The Venezuelan part of the CASA/UNO GPS Project. Manuscripta Geodaetica, 14, 339-344.
Eckl, M.C.; Snay, R.A.; Soler, T.; Cline, M.W.; Mader, G.L. (2001). Accuracy of GPS-derived relative positions as a function of interstation distance and observing-session duration. Journal of Geodesy, 75(12), 633-640. doi: 10.1007/s001900100204
Ellis, A.; DeMets, C.; Briole, P.; Cosenza, B.; Flores, O.; Graham, S.E.; Guzmán-Speziale, M.; Hernández, D.; Kostoglodov, V.; LaFemina, P.; Lord, N.; Lasserre, C.; Lyon-Caen, H.; Rodriguez-Maradiaga, M.; McCaffrey, R.; Molina, E.; Rivera, J.; Rogers, R.; Staller, A. (2018). GPS constraints on deformation in northern Central America from 1999 to 2017, Part 1 – Time-dependent modelling of large regional earthquakes and their post-seismic effects. Geophysical Journal International, 214(3), 2177-2194. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggy249
Ellis, A.; DeMets, C.; McCaffrey, R.; Briole, P.; Cosenza-Muralles, B.; Flores, O.; Guzmán-Speziale, M.; Hernández, D.; Kostoglodov, V.; LaFemina, P.; Lord, N.; Lasserre, C.; Lyon-Caen, H.; Rodriguez-Maradiaga, M.; Molina, E.; Rivera, J.; Rogers, R.; Staller, A.; Tikoff, B. (2019). GPS constraints on deformation in northern Central America from 1999 to 2017, Part 2: Block rotations and fault slip rates, fault locking and distributed deformation. Geophysical Journal International, 218(2), 729-754. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggz173
Herring, T.A.; Melbourne, T.I.; Murray, M.H.; Floyd, M.A.; Szeliga, W.M.; King, R.W.; Phillips, D.A.; Puskas, C.M.; Santillan, M.; Wang, L. (2016). Plate Boundary Observatory and related networks: GPS data analysis methods and geodetic products. Reviews of Geophysics, 54(4), 759-808. doi: 10.1002/2016RG000529
Jouanne, F.; Audemard, F.A.; Beck, C.; Van Welden, A.; Ollarves, R.; Reinoza, C. (2011). Present-day deformation along the El Pilar Fault in eastern Venezuela: Evidence of creep along a major transform boundary. Journal of Geodynamics, 51(5), 398-410. doi: 10.1016/j.jog.2010.11.003
Kellogg, J.N.; Dixon, T.H. (1990). Central and South America GPS geodesy - CASA Uno. Geophysical Research Letters, 17(3), 195-198. doi: 10.1029/GL017i003p00195
Kostoglodov, V.; Singh, S.K.; Santiago, J.A.; Franco, S.I.; Larson, K.M.; Lowry, A.R.; Bilham, R. (2003). A large silent earthquake in the Guerrero seismic gap, Mexico. Geophysical Research Letters, 30(15). doi: 10.1029/2003GL017219
Mattioli, G.S.; Feaux, K. (2016). COCONet - Results, Sustainability, and Capacity Building. NSF Community Workshop. Final Workshop Report. EAR-1634055. Punta Cana, Dominican Republic.
Mogollón, J.; Reinoza, C. (2018). Análisis de la cinemática inter-sísmica asociada a la falla de Oca-Ancón mediante el uso de la geodesia espacial de alta resolución. Jornadas de Investigación de la Facultad de Ingeniería, Caracas, Venezuela.
Mora-Páez, H.; Kellogg, J.N.; Freymueller, J.T.; Mencin, D.; Fernandes, R.M.S.; Diederix, H.; LaFemina, P.; Cardona-Piedrahita, L.; Lizarazo, S.; Peláez-Gaviria, J.R.; Díaz-Mila, F.; Bohórquez-Orozco, O.; Giraldo-Londoño, L.; Corchuelo-Cuervo, Y. (2019). Crustal deformation in the northern Andes – A new GPS velocity field. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 89, 76-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2018.11.002
Normandeau, J.; Meertens, C.; Bartel, B. (2008). GPS antenna monuments and mounts supported by UNAVCO: Options and Effectiveness. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, USA.
Okada, Y. (1985). Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 75(4), 1135-1154.
Pérez, O.J.; Bilham, R.; Bendick, R.; Hernández, N.; Hoyer, M.; Velandia, J.R.; Moncayo, C.; Kozuch, M. (2001a). Velocidad relativa entre las placas del Caribe y Sudamérica a partir de observaciones dentro del sistema de posicionamiento global (GPS) en el norte de Venezuela. Interciencia, 26(2), 69-74.
Pérez, O.J.; Bilham, R.; Bendick, R.; Velandia, J.R.; Hernández, N.; Moncayo, C.; Hoyer, M.; Kozuch, M. (2001b). Velocity field across the Southern Caribbean Plate Boundary and estimates of Caribbean/South-American Plate Motion using GPS Geodesy 1994-2000. Geophysical Research Letters, 28(15), 2987-2990. doi: 10.1029/2001GL013183
Pérez, O.J.; Bilham, R.; Sequera, M.; Molina, L.; Gavotti, P.; Codallo, H.; Moncayo, C.; Rodríguez, C.; Velandia, R.; Guzmán, M.; Molnar, P. (2011). Campo de velocidades GPS en el occidente de Venezuela: componente lateral derecha asociada a la Falla de Boconó y componente convergente perpendicular a Los Andes. Interciencia, 36(1), 39-44.
Pérez, O.J.; Wesnousky, S.G.; De La Rosa, R.; Márquez, J.; Uzcátegui, R.; Quintero, C.; Liberal, L.; Mora-Páez, H.; Szeliga, W. (2018). On the interaction of the North Andes plate with the Caribbean and South American plates in northwestern South America from GPS geodesy and seismic data. Geophysical Journal International, 214(3), 1986-2001. doi: 10.1093/gji/ggy230
Pousse-Beltran, L.; Pathier, E.; Jouanne, F.; Vassallo, R.; Reinoza, C.; Audemard, F.; Doin, M.P.; Volat, M. (2016). Spatial and temporal variations in creep rate along the El Pilar fault at the Caribbean-South American plate boundary (Venezuela), from InSAR. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 121(11), 8276-8296. doi: 10.1002/2016JB013121
Reinoza, C. (2014). Application de la géodésie satellitaire GNSS à haute résolution à la déformation de la marge Sud-Caraïbe. Implication pour l’aléa sismique dans l’Ouest et le Nord-Est du Venezuela. Tesis de Doctorado, Université Grenoble Alpes, France.
Reinoza, C.; Jouanne, F.; Audemard, F.A.; Schmitz, M.; Beck, C. (2015). Geodetic exploration of strain along the El Pilar Fault in northeastern Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 120(3), 1993-2013. doi: 10.1002/2014JB011483
Silver, E.A.; Case, J.E.; Macgillavry, H.J. (1975). Geophysical study of the Venezuelan Borderland. GSA Bulletin, 86(2), 213-226. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1975)86<213:GSOTVB>2.0.CO;2
Sydenham, P.H. (1969). A tensioned-wire strain seismometer. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments, 2(12), 1095-1097.
UNAVCO Community (2011). COCONet GPS Network - CN40-CuracaoMetCR2011 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T5BV7DWT
UNAVCO Community (2013). COCONet GPS Network - CN19-ArubaNethARU2013 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T5HD7SZB
UNAVCO Community (2015a). COCONet GPS Network - CN39-QuebradaArribVen P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T55H7DJB
UNAVCO Community (2015b). COCONet GPS Network - CN41-ElBaul_Vene_2015 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T5930RJX
UNAVCO Community (2015c). COCONet GPS Network - CN42-CN42LosRoquesVen P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/T5DV1H8B
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UNAVCO Community (2016b). COCONet GPS Network - CN49-CN49_Ave_VEN2015 P.S. - GPS/GNSS Observations Dataset. UNAVCO, Inc. doi: 10.7283/PYY1-4C49
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