Artículos científicos
The carbonate platform of the Upper Tibasosa Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Eastern Cordillera Basin, Firavitoba-Boyacá, Colombia
Juan Sebastián Gómez-Neita- Pedro Augusto Santos da Silva
- Laura Estefania Garzón-Rojas
- Luz Angie Patiño-Ballesteros
- Laura Alexandra Barrantes
- Anna Andressa Evangelista-Nogueira
Published 2021-01-07
Keywords
- Limestones,
- Diagenesis,
- Eastern Cordillera Basin,
- Upper Tibasosa Formation,
- Cathodoluminescence (CL)
How to Cite
Gómez-Neita, J. S., Santos da Silva, P. A., Garzón-Rojas, L. E., Patiño-Ballesteros, L. A., Barrantes, L. A., & Evangelista-Nogueira, A. A. (2021). The carbonate platform of the Upper Tibasosa Formation, Lower Cretaceous, Eastern Cordillera Basin, Firavitoba-Boyacá, Colombia. Boletín De Geología, 43(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v43n1-2021001
Copyright (c) 2021 Boletín de Geología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Abstract
The Tibasosa Formation is the main source of limestones in Boyacá. This unit corresponds to a Valanginian-Albian age according to the fossil content in the Eastern Cordillera Basin, recording the first incursion of the Cretaceous sea in Firavitoba. Outcrop-based facies and stratigraphic analyzes of the ~12 m-thick siliciclastic-carbonate succession of the uppermost Tibasosa Formation indicate tidal and carbonate systems. Ten facies/microfacies are grouped into two facies associations (FAs): FA1, tidal flat deposits consist of laminated sandstones/siltstones and floatstones with a single organism dominance (bivalve shells); and FA2 comprises fossiliferous rudstones, floatstones, packstones, and wackstones, representing a carbonate platform. The petrographic description determined rock textures/genesis and the diagenetic sequence with features of the eodiagenesis, mesodiagenesis, and telodiagenesis suggesting a primary origin of these carbonates. The analysis using cathodoluminescence (CL), energy disperse spectrometry (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed identify compositional differences, cementation phases, and morphological features in different processes as micritization, neomorphism, porosity, pyritization, compaction, cementation, fracturing, and weathering. The interpretation of facies and microfacies indicated a deposition mainly in a shallow platform with variation in the hydraulic conditions, warm waters, and episodic events of storms/tsunamis that fragmented the bioclasts. A shallow marine system in the Eastern Cordillera Basin during Cretaceous indicates a large transgressive event that flooded hundreds of kilometers, being a link with the Pacific Ocean before the Andes uplift. The main diagenetic events correspond to micritization, cementation of calcite, and mechanical/chemical compaction as a result of microbial activity, dissolution, precipitation in the vadose/phreatic zone, and burial diagenesis. The diagenetic sequence events reveal the incidence of marine and meteoric process that reduced porosity and attest to the microbial activity in carbonate precipitated. This new interpretation allows the understanding of carbonate platforms in the Eastern Cordillera Basin for future correlations of the Cretaceous sea in Colombia.
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References
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Ehrenberg, S.N.; Baek, H. (2019). Deposition, diagenesis and reservoir quality of an Oligocene reefal-margin limestone succession: Asmari Formation, United Arab Emirates. Sedimentary Geology, 393-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2019.105535
Embry, A.F.; Klovan, J.E. (1971). A late Devonian reef tract on Northeastern Banks Island, NWT. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 19(4), 730-781.
Flügel, E. (2004). Microfacies of carbonate rocks. Analysis, interpretation, and application. Springer-Verlag. Heidelberg.
Hiatt, E.E.; Pufahl, P.K. (2014). Cathodoluminescence petrography of carbonate rocks: application to understanding diagenesis, reservoir quality, and pore system evolution. In: I. Coulson (ed.). Cathodoluminescence and its application to geoscience (pp. 75-96). Vol. 45. Mineralogical Association of Canada, Short Course Series.
Hoedemaeker, P.J.; Herngreen, G.F.W. (2003). Correlation of Tethyan and Boreal Berriasian – Barremian strata with emphasis on strata in the subsurface of the Netherlands. Cretaceous Research, 24(3), 253-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0195-6671(03)00044-2
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Khan, M.; Khan, M.A.; Shami, B.A.; Awais, M. (2018). Microfacies analysis and diagenetic fabric of the Lockhart Limestone exposed near Taxila, Margalla Hill Range, Punjab, Pakistan. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 11(29). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-017-3367-4
Kiessling, W.; Flügel, E.; Golonka, J. (2003). Patterns of Phanerozoic carbonate platform sedimentation. Lethaia, 36(3), 195-225. https://doi.org/10.1080/00241160310004648
Li, J.; Cai, Z.; Chen, H.; Cong, F.; Wang, L.; Wei, Q.; Luo, Y. (2018). Influence of differential diagenesis on primary depositional signals in limestone-marl alternations: an example from Middle Permian marine successions, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 495, 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.002
Maliva, R.G.; Siever, R. (1988). Mechanism and controls of silicification of fossils in limestones. The Journal of Geology, 96(4), 387-398. https://doi.org/10.1086/629235
Milliken, K. (2003). Diagenesis. In: G. Middleton (Ed.). Encyclopedia of sediments (pp. 214-219). Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Miranda, G.A.; Niño, C.M. (2016). Evaluación geológica, caracterización geomecánica y cálculo de recurso de roca caliza para el Contrato de Concesión Minera OG2-100 11 en la vereda Las Monjas del municipio de Firavitoba. Tesis, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Sogamoso, Colombia.
Moore, C.; Wade, W. (2013). Carbonate reservoir: porosity and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework. (2nd ed.). Elsevier.
Morad, S.; Suwaidi, M.A.; Mansurbeg, H.; Morad, D.; Ceriani, A.; Paganoni, M.; Al-Aasm, I. (2019). Diagenesis of a limestone reservoir (Lower Cretaceous), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Comparison between the anticline crest and flanks. Sedimentary Geology, 380, 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.12.004
Nichols, G. (2009). Sedimentology and stratigraphy. (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Patarroyo, P. (2002). Equinoideos del Miembro Calcáreo Superior, Formación Tibasosa, en el área de Firavitoba (Boyacá - Colombia). Morfología y fauna asociada. Geología Colombiana, 27, 95-107.
Patarroyo, P.; Rojas, A.; Salamanca, A. (2014). Stratigraphy of the Lower Calcareous Member (Valanginian - Hauterivian), Tibasosa Formation, Tibasosa – Boyacá (Colombia, S.A.). 23rd Latin American Colloquium on Earth Science, Heidelberg, Germany.
Patarroyo, P. (2020). Barremian deposits of Colombia: A special emphasis on marine successions. In: J. Gómez; A.O. Pinilla-Pachon (eds.). The Geology of Colombia (pp. 445-474) Volume 2. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.12
Pomar, L. (2001). Types of carbonate platforms: a genetic approach. Basin Research, 13(3), 313-334.
Puga-Bernabéu, A.; Aguirre, J. (2017). Contrasting storm- versus tsunami-related shell beds in shallow-water ramps. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 471, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2017.01.033
Quintero, W.; Ladino, A.; Lozano, E.; Bolívar, O.; Zamora, N.; Rincón, J.; Puentes, M. (2014). Mapa de profundidad de la isoterma de Curie para Colombia. Bogotá: Servicio Geológico Colombiano.
Renzoni, G. (1981). Geología del cuadrángulo J-12 Tunja. Boletín Geológico, 24(2), 31-54.
Renzoni, G.; Rosas, H. (1967). Geología de la Plancha 171 Duitama. Ingeominas.
Renzoni, G.; Rosas, H.; Etayo, F. (1998). Geología Plancha 191 Tunja. Ingeominas.
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