Artigos
Polymers for application in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs – critical review of properties and aspects to consider for laboratory screening
Publicado 2018-12-18
Palavras-chave
- Harsh Reservoirs, Polymer Flooding, Laboratory Screening, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) High Temperature and High Salinity Reservoirs.
Como Citar
Araujo, Y. C., & Araujo, M. (2018). Polymers for application in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs – critical review of properties and aspects to consider for laboratory screening. REVISTA FUENTES, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.18273/revfue.v16n2-2018004
Copyright (c) 2018 Revista Fuentes
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Resumo
A significant amount of oil resides in deep reservoirs characterized by relatively high temperature and high salinity. In such reservoirs, most available chemicals fluids for EOR have limited applicability. Even though recent effort has been dedicated to the development of high temperature polymers, there is no clear understanding of what would work best in those harsh environments. In addition, the oil and gas community is also evaluating potential applications of chemical EOR to offshore assets where similar conditions are often found. Field applications in harsh reservoirs have shown limited success in the use of polymers for improved oil recovery. Detail analysis reveals that screening of the fluids was done under ‘model’ laboratory conditions, using non-reservoir core samples and non-representative fluids. These facts have motivated research and development work towards understanding the type of polymers that may be suitable for use in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs and to determine the type of tests to use to assess their performance in a field application for use as lab screening criteria. In this paper, we provide a critical review of the available polymers for application in high temperature and high salinity reservoirs and summarize best practices for their laboratory screening though a recommended workflow.
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Referências
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Araujo, Y. C., Araujo, M., & Molinaris, J. (2018). Best Practices for Laboratory Evaluation of Immiscible WAG. (SPE 190303). SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. DOI: 10.2118/190303-MS.
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Holzwarth, G., Soni, L., & Schulz, D. N. (1986). Molecular Weight Distribution of Water- Soluble Polymers: A New Absolute Method. Macromolecules, 19 (2), 422–426. DOI: 10.1021/ma00156a032.
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Chen, C. S. H., & Sheppard, E. W. (1980). Conformation and Shear Stability of Xanthan Gum in Solution. Polym. Eng. Sci., 20 (7), 512-516.
Dai, C., Xu, Z., Wu, Y., Zou, C., Wu, X., Wang, T., Guo, X., & Zhao, M. (2017). Design and Study of a Novel Thermal-Resistant and Shear-Stable Amphoteric Polyacrylamide in High-Salinity Solution. Polymers, 9, 296-310.
DiPaola-Baranyi, G., & Guillet, J. E. (1978). Estimation of Polymer Solubility Parameters by Gas Chromatography. Macromolecules, 11 (1), 228-235.
Doe, P. H., Moradi-Araghi, A., Shaw, J. E., & Stahl, G. (1987). Development and Evaluation of EOR Polymers Suitable for Hostile Environments - Part 1: Copolymers of Vinylpyrrolidone and Acrylamide. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 2(4), 461-467.
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Dupuis, G., Antignard, S., Giovannetti, B., & Gaillard, N. (2017). A New Thermally Stable Synthetic Polymer for Harsh Conditions of Middle East Reservoirs. Part I. Thermal Stability and Injection in Carbonate Cores. (SPE 188479). Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference held in Abu Dhabi, UAE. DOI:10.2118/188479-MS.
Escudier, M. P., Clement-Evans, J., & Poole, R.J. (2005). Freezing as a Storage Process for Aqueous Polymer Solutions. Applied Rheology, 15(2), 90-97.
Fan, Y., Boulif, N., & Picchioni, F. (2018). Thermo- Responsive Starch-g-(PAM-co-PNIPAM):Controlled Synthesis and Effect of Molecular Components on Solution Rheology. Polymers, 10, 92-103.
Gaillard, N., Giovannetti, B., Favero, C., Caritey, J. P., Dupuis, G., & Zaitoun, A. (2014). New Water Soluble NVP Acrylamide Terpolymers for Use in EOR in Harsh Conditions. (SPE 169108). SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium Held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. DOI: 10.2118/169108-MS.
Garcı́a-Ochoa, F., Santos, V. E., Casas, J. A., & Gómez, E. (2000). Xanthan Gum: Production, Recovery, and Properties. Biotechnology Advances, 18 (7), 549-579. DOI: 10.1016/ S0734-9750(00)00050-1.
Gibbons, M. K., & Örmeci, B. (2013). Quantification of Polymer Concentration in Water Using UV- VIS Spectroscopy. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology, 62 (4), 205-213.
Hashmet, M. R., AlSumaiti, A. M., Qaiser, Y., & AlAmeri, W. S. (2017). Laboratory Investigation and Simulation Modeling of Polymer Flooding in High-Temperature, High-Salinity Carbonate Reservoirs. Energy Fuels, 31, 13454−13465. DOI: 10.1021/acs. energyfuels.7b02704.
Hinkley, R., & Brown, G. (2017). Polymer Enhanced Oil Recovery – Industry Lessons Learned. Oil & Gas Authority. Retrieved from www.ogauthority.co.uk.
Holzwarth, G., Soni, L., & Schulz, D. N. (1986). Molecular Weight Distribution of Water- Soluble Polymers: A New Absolute Method. Macromolecules, 19 (2), 422–426. DOI: 10.1021/ma00156a032.
Hou, C. T., Barnabe, N., & Greaney, K. (1986). Purification and Properties of a Novel Xanthan Depolymerase from a Salt-Tolerant Bacterial Culture, HD1. Appl. & Environ. Microbiology, 52 (1), 37-44.
Izunobi, I. U., & Higginbotham, C. L. (2011). Polymer Molecular Weight Analysis by 1H NMR Spectroscopy. J. Chem. Educ., 88 (8), 1098–1104.
Jensen, T, Kadhum, M., Kozlowicz, B., Summer, E. S., Malsam, J., Muhammed F., & Ravikiran, R. (2018). Chemical EOR Under Harsh Conditions: Scleroglucan as a Viable Commercial Solution. (SPE 190216). SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium Held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. DOI: 10.2118/190216-MS.
Jian, S., Huang, T. Y., Wang, K. M., Tang, B. Z., & Yu, Q. (2016). Determination Method of the Solubility Parameter of Polymer Based on AIE. Molecules, 22, 54-59.
Kang, J., Sowers, T. D., Duckworth, O. W., Amoozegar, A., Heitman, J. L., & McLaughlin, R. A. (2014). Turbidimetric Determination of Anionic Polyacrylamide in Low Carbon Soil Extracts. Journal of Environ. Quality, 42 (6), 1902-1907.
Kierulf, C., & Sutherland, I. W. (1988). Thermal Stability of Xanthan Preparations. Carbohyd. Polym., 9 (3), 185-194.
Lara-Ceniceros, A., Rivera-Vallejo, C., & Jimenez-Regalado, E. (2007). Synthesis, Characterization and Rheological Properties of Three Different Associative Polymers Obtained by Micellar Polymerization. Polymer Bulletin, 58, 425–433.
Laschewsky, A. (2014). Structures and Synthesis of Zwitterionic Polymers. Polymers, 6, 1544-1601.
Leela, J. K., & Sharma, G. (2000). Studies on Xanthan Production from Xanthomonas Campestris. Bioprocess Eng., 23 (6), 687-689.
Levitt, D. B. (2009). The Optimal Use of Enhanced Oil Recovery Polymers Under Hostile Conditions. PhD Thesis. The University of Texas at Austin. USA.
Levitt, D. B., & Pope, G. A. (2008). Selection and Screening of Polymers for Enhanced-Oil Recovery. (SPE 113845). SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium Held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA. DOI: 10.2118/113845-MS
Levitt, D. B., Pope, G. A., & Jouenne, S. (2010). Chemical Degradation of Polyacrylamide Polymers Under Alkaline Conditions. (SPE 129879). SPE Improved Oil Recovery Symposium Held in Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA.
Liu, P., Mu, Z., Wang, C., & Wang, W. (2017). Experimental Study of Rheological Properties and Oil Displacement Efficiency in Oilfields for a Synthetic Hydrophobically Modified Polymer. Sci. Rep., 7, 8791.
Luo, J. H., & Cheng, G.Y. (1993). Synthesis of Salinity-Resistant and High-Temperature- Resistant RTS Series of Polymers and their Properties. Oilfield Chemistry, 10 (4), 331–335.
Luo, J. H., Bu, R. Y., Wang, P. M., Bai, F. L., Zhang, Y., Yang, J. B., & Liu, Y. Z. (2002). Properties of KYPAM, a Salinity-Resistant Polymer Used in EOR. Oilfield Chemistry, 19 (1), 64–67.
Manrique, E. J., Muci, V. E., & Gurfinkel, M. E. (2007). EOR Field Experiences in Carbonate Reservoirs in the United States. SPEREE, 667–686.
Martin, C. A. G., & Páez, E. G. M. (2017). Efeito da salinidade na tensão interfacial do sistema óleo/ agua em condições isobáricas e incremento gradual da temperatura. Fuentes: El reventón energético, 15(2), 117-124.
McPhee, C., Reed J., & Zubizarreta, I. (2015). Core Analysis: Best Practices. First Edition, Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier B. V.
Molano, A. M. J., Navarro, S. F. M., & Díaz, R. J. (2014). Metodología para el diseño de baches en un proceso de inyección de polímeros para recobro mejorado, considerando fenómenos de interacción roca/fluidos. Fuentes: El reventón energético, 12(2), 6.
Moradi-Araghi, A., & Doe, P. H. (1987). Hydrolysis and Precipitation of Polyacrylamide in Hard Brines at Elevated Temperatures. SPE Reservoir Engineering, 2, 189-198.
Morgan, S. E., & McCormick, C. L. (1990). Water- Soluble Polymers in Enhanced Oil Recovery. Progr. Polym. Sci., 15, 103-145.
Needham, R. B., & Doe, P. H. (1987). Polymer Flooding Review. JPT, 39 (12), 1503–1507.
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