Vol. 35 Núm. 2 (2022): Revista ION
Artículos

Gasificación Catalítica y Autotérmica de Residuos Biomásicos a Escala Banco: Construcción y Optimización.

Misael Cordoba Arroyo
Instituto de Investigaciones en catálisis y petroquímica
Liza Dosso
Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (INCAPE)
Carlos Roman Vera
Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (INCAPE)
Juan Carlos Casas Zapata
Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (INCAPE)
Alfonso Enrique Ramírez Sanabria
Grupo de Catálisis, Departamento De Química, Universidad Del Cauca
Mariana Busto
Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (INCAPE)
Juan Badano
Instituto de Investigaciones en Catálisis y Petroquímica (INCAPE)

Publicado 2022-12-05

Palabras clave

  • Gasificacion,
  • Catálisis,
  • Alquitrán,
  • Biomasa,
  • Gas de síntesis

Cómo citar

Garcia Peña, L., Cordoba Arroyo, M., Dosso, L., Vera, C. R., Casas Zapata, J. C., Ramírez Sanabria, A. E. ., Busto, M., & Badano, J. (2022). Gasificación Catalítica y Autotérmica de Residuos Biomásicos a Escala Banco: Construcción y Optimización . Revista ION, 35(2), 83–99. https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v35n2-2022007

Resumen

En este trabajo se construyó y optimizó un sistema de gasificación a escala banco de residuos biomásicos (aserrín de pino). El sistema consta de una unidad de alimentación (tolva y tornillo), un reactor autotérmico de lecho fluidizado y acondicionamiento de gases (ciclón y enfriamiento). En el reactor se evaluaron 2 catalizadores de bajo costo: un mineral natural (dolomita) y residuo de pirólisis comparados con un sólido inerte (arena). Los catalizadores y la biomasa fueron caracterizados por diferentes técnicas: ICP, BET, TGA, CHONS, entre otras. En la optimización del proceso se estudiaron diferentes parámetros: tamaño de partícula de biomasa, flujo másico de alimentación, agentes gasificante y perfiles de temperatura. Los ensayos mostraron un óptimo funcionamiento con un tamaño de biomasa en el rango de 0.50-0.85 mm, un flujo másico de alimentación de 0.840 kg/h y una relación de equivalencia entre mezcla de agentes gasificantes (aire y/o vapor de agua) y alimentación de 0.35-0.45 con temperaturas de equilibrio de 650 y 750ºC, respectivamente. Los catalizadores evaluados tuvieron una reducción de alquitrán entre 10-45% comparado con el inerte y valores superiores en la relación H2:CO y LHV. Los resultados mostraron que el sistema de gasificación autotérmico a escala banco construido, permite la transformación de la biomasa utilizando catalizadores de bajo/nulo costo, lo que lo hace atractivo desde el punto de vista ambiental y económico.

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