Articles
Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of wastewater from coffee processing
Published 2020-03-11
Keywords
- wastewater,
- biocomponents,
- coffee,
- pollution,
- microorganisms
How to Cite
Torres-Valenzuela, L. S., Sanín Villarrea, A., Arango Ramírez, A., & Serna-Jiménez, J. A. (2020). Physicochemical and microbiological characterization of wastewater from coffee processing. Revista ION, 32(2), 59–66. https://doi.org/10.18273/revion.v32n2-2019006
Abstract
In the coffee processing, only 5 % of the fresh product is used and waste is generated as wastewater (WW), which can reach up to 40 L / Kg of dry parchment coffee and when spilled can cause pollution of high environmental impact. Consequently, the objective was to characterize physicochemical and microbiologically two WW samples (M1, M2) in order to evaluate the potential in the extraction of biocomponents. The parameters measured to the two water samples were Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrogen, ammonium, chromium, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, conductivity, volatile acidity, phosphorus, chlorides, solids, color and, in addition, mesophiles, total coliforms and staphylococci were also quantified. Significant differences between the samples and an effect of coffee processing on the characteristics evaluated were identified. M2 showed a higher concentration of OD, conductivity and color change with respect to the control, while M1 had a higher concentration for the other parameters.
Chromium and ammonium were below the detection limit of the test used, on the contrary, the COD was higher than what was regulated for domestic waters. In the microbiological analysis, mesophiles were found in both samples, and M2 presented coliforms and staphylococci. With the above it is evident that the coffee processing method affects the parameters of wastewater quality and therefore treatment and/or exploitation methodologies must be implemented according to the intrinsic characteristics of each process.
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References
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[5] Rodríguez N, Sanz JR, Oliveros CE, Ramírez CA. Manejo y disposición de los subproductos y de las aguas residuales del beneficio del café. Manual del cafetero colombiano: Investigación y tecnología para la sostenibilidad de la caficultura. Cenicafé. Colombia: Legis; 2013.
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[9] Tharian JA, Padmapriya R, Thirunalasundari T. Coffee waste management-An overview. Int. J. Curr. Sci. 2013;9:83-91.
[10] Aguilera Y, Consuegra R, Rapado M. Treatment of coffee wastewater by gamma radiation. In: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), editors. Symposium on radiation technology for conservation of the environment; 1997 Sep 8-12; Zakopane, Poland. Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA); 1998. p. 217-20.
[11] Pastrana L. Fundamentos de la fermentación en estado sólido y aplicación a la industria alimentaria. Cienc. Tecnol. Aliment. 1996;1(3):4-12.
[12] Janissen B, Huynh T. Chemical composition and value-adding applications of coffee industry by-products: A review. Resour., Conserv. Recycl. 2018;128:110-7.
[13] Association of Official Analytical Chemists. Official methods of analysis (fifteenth edition ed.). United States: Association of Official Analytical Chemists; 1990.[14] Franson MAH. Métodos normalizados para el análisis de aguas potables y residuales. España: Ediciones Díaz de Santos; 1992.
[15] Dadi D, Mengistie E, Terefe G, Getahun T, Haddis A, Birke W, et al. Assessment of the effluent quality of wet coffee processing wastewater and its influence on downstream water quality. Ecohydrol Hydrobiol. 2018;18(2):201-11.
[16] Aguiar LL, Andrade-Vieira LF, de Oliveira David JA. Evaluation of the toxic potential of coffee wastewater on seeds, roots and meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa L. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2016;133:366-72.
[17] Chagas PMB, Torres JA, Silva MC, Corrêa AD. Immobilized soybean hull peroxidase for the oxidation of phenolic compounds in coffee processing wastewater. Int J Biol Macromol. 2015;81:568-75.
[18] Novita E. Biodegradability Simulation of Coffee Wastewater Using Instant Coffee. Agric Agric Sci Procedia. 2016;9:217-29.
[19] Rattan S, Parande AK, Nagaraju VD, Ghiwari GK. A comprehensive review on utilization of wastewater from coffee processing. Environ Sci Pollut Res. 2015;22(9):6461-72.
[20] Córdoba NM, Guerrero JE. Caracterización de los procesos tradicionales de fermentación de café en el departamento de Nariño. Biotecnol. Sect. Agropecu. Agroind. 2016;14:75-83.
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[23] Fia R, D Matos AT, Lambert TF, Fia FRL, De Matos MP. Tratamento das águas do processamento dos frutos do cafeeiro em filtro anaeróbio seguid por sistema alagado construído: Ii - remoção de nutrientes e compostos fenólicos. Eng. Agric. 2010;30(6):1203-13.
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[26] Del Real Olvera J, Gutiérrez JI. Biodegradación anaerobia de las aguas generadas en el despulpado del café. Rev. Colomb. Biotecnol. 2010;12(2):230-39.
[27] Vásquez N, Rodríguez J, Torres P, Madera C. Desempeño del proceso de estabilización por contacto para el tratamiento del agua residual doméstica de Cali, Colombia. DYNA. 2011;78(168):98-107.
[28] Zambrano DA, Isaza JD, Rodríguez N, López U. Tratamiento de aguas residuales del lavado del café. Cenicafé. 1999;20:1-30.
[29] Crombet S, Abalos A, Rodríguez S, Pérez N. Evaluación del tratamiento anaerobio de las aguas residuales de una comunidad universitaria. Rev. Colomb. Biotecnol. 2016;18:49-56.
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[37] Zayas Péerez T, Geissler G, Hernandez F. Chemical oxygen demand reduction in coffee wastewater through chemical flocculation and advanced oxidation processes. J Environ Sci. 2007;19:300–5.
[38] Botello Suárez WA, da Silva Vantini J, Duda RM, et al. Predominance of syntrophic bacteria, Methanosaeta and Methanoculleus in a two-stage up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating coffee processing wastewater at high organic loading rate. Bioresour. Technol. 2018;268:158–68.
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[41] Rossmann M, De Matos AT, Abreu EC, E Silva FF, Borges AC. Effect of influent aeration on removal of organic matter from coffee processing wastewater in constructed wetlands. J. Environ. Manage. 2013;128:912–9.