Revisión sistemática del comportamiento convencional y reológico del biocompuesto asfalto-biomasas producidas
Publicado 2023-03-21
Palabras clave
- asfalto,
- bioasfalto,
- biomasa,
- propiedades convencionales,
- propiedades reológicas
Cómo citar
Derechos de autor 2023 Revista UIS Ingenierías
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
La ingeniería de pavimentos, busca con ahínco materiales no petrolíficos como sustituyentes/mejoradores del asfalto. La producción de bioasfalto con biomasa es la técnica más usual con beneficios económicos, sociales y medioambientales. Este documento tiene como objetivo realizar una revisión literaria del mejoramiento del asfalto con biomasa en subproductos de biocarbón o bioaceite. Se efectuó una revisión de 80 artículos científicos, los cuales estudiaron las propiedades convencionales y reológicas del asfalto con porcentajes óptimos de adición de biomodificadores, considerándolos como nuevas tecnologías en las construcciones viales. Los resultados muestran que la dosis y tipo del biomaterial influye mucho como modificador, dado que el rendimiento del bioasfalto a base de biomasa garantiza reacciones positivas con una mínina adición de 1% de aceite de palma hasta 100% de ceniza de madera como máximo. En conclusión, a mayor dosis de biomodificador a altas temperaturas mayor es la mejora en la viscosidad, estabilidad, grado de penetración, punto de reblandecimiento, resistencia a la tracción indirecta, módulo de resistencia, resistencia a la deformación, resistencia a la fatiga, resistencia al deslizamiento y resistencia a la humedad del asfalto, además de tener mejores condiciones de envejecimiento oxidativo, pues generalmente el ligante asfáltico es compatible con la mayoría de los biomateriales, siendo viable como fuente de energía renovable, sostenible y de calidad.
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