Published 2010-05-26
Keywords
- Sustainable development,
- green building,
- rational use of energy,
- exergy
How to Cite
Abstract
In this document two topics are exposed: (1) how the problems of the energy consumption and of the polluting emissions of the current constructions they can be reduced with the concept green building, and (2) how the sustainable applications, implemented in other countries, they could generate fnancial important savings and sustainability during the use of the Edifcio Eléctrica 2 of the Universidad Industrial de Santander that is in the process of design due to two factors: the decrease in the electric power demand and the use of the renewable energies in place. The review of the state-of-the-art, has as central aspects: the sustainable development, the exergy concept and the green building. This analysis of the information will allow establish the relevant aspects to take into account in the technical specifcations for the future design of the Edifcio Eléctrica 2.
Downloads
References
L. Xu, Q. Qi, Z. Wang, Regional Ecological Environment Spatial Data Mining Based on GIS and RS: A Case Study in Zhangjiajie, China. IEEE. Computer society. Fifth International Conference on Fuzzy systems and knowledge discovery. 2008, pp. 266-270.
R. C. M. Dunn, Evaluating road transport projects in the context of sustainable development. IEEE. Vehicle Navigation & Information Systems Conference Proceedings, 1994, pp. 357-360.
S. Beder, The Role of Technology in Sustainable Development. IEEE. Technology and society magazine. winter, 1994, pp. 14-19.
J. Zheng, Congestion Pricing and Sustainable Development of Urban Transportation system, IEEE, Computer society, Workshop on power electronics and intelligent transportation system, 2008, pp. 449-453.
S. Qiujun, Z. Qun, Evaluation on sustainable development of China’s iron and steel industry, IEEE, Computer society, International Symposiums on Information Processing, 2008, pp. 700-705.
J. Ping, J. Hai-Feng, The Forecasting and Assessing Method for Urban Sustainable Development Tendency, IEEE, 2008, pp. 4346-4349.
Q. Wang, G. Li, Assessment of Sustainable Development using Multivariate Statistical Techniques and Ecological Indicators: A Case Study of Wenzhou, China, IEEE, 2008, pp. 4267-4270.
Y. N. Wang, Y. R. Su, Evaluation System to the Sustainable Development of Human Resource Based on Entropy Method, IEEE, International conference on automation and logistics Qingdao, China, 2008, pp. 2625-2628.
R. Mileriene, S. Gulbinskas, N. Blazauskas, I. Dailidiene, Geological indicators for Integrated Coastal Zone Management, IEEE, 2008, p. 4.
J. Ping, J. Hai-Feng, The Integrated Forewarning Method Research for Urban Sustainable Development, IEEE, 2008, pp. 4342-4345.
Y. Zeng, H. Hong, Selecting Suitable Sites for Pig Production Using a Raster GIS in Xinluo Watershed in Southeast China, IEEE, 2008, pp. 2813-2816.
Y. Cuisong, H. Zhenchun, Resilience Degree: A New Indicator of Sustainable Development to Water Resources System, IEEE, 2008, pp. 3499-3502.
M. Wu, An Alternative Model for Assessing the Sustainable Development of a Construction Project, IEEE, 2007, pp.5504-5507.
L. Xu, N. Liang, Q. Gao, An Integrated Approach for Agricultural Ecosystem Management, IEEE, Transactions on systems. Man, and cibernetics. Part C. Applications and reviews, Vol. 38 No. 4, July 2008, pp. 590-599.
A. Aranda, S. Scarpollini, Análisis de la eficiencia de la industria española y su potencial de ahorro. Revista Economía Industrial. No. 392. 2007, pp. 1-34.
E. M. Vázquez, Construcción e impacto sobre el ambiente: el caso de la tierra y otros materiales. Informes de la construcción. Vol. 52, No. 471, 2001, pp. 29-43.
Agencia De Proteccción Ambiental De Los Estados Unidad. RCRA: Reduciendo el riesgo de residuo. 1997. Disponible en http://www.epa.gov/osw [citado en septiembre de 2007].
Cambio climático en Europa. Disponible en: http://www.tecnun.es/asignaturas/Ecologia/Hipertexto/10CAtm1/351CambCliEu.htm [citado 15 de septiembre de 2009].
H. Jaramillo Diaz, Gestión energética en la industria, Estudios Gerenciales, No. 73, Octubre-Diciembre, 1999, pp. 50-60.
J. C. Campos Avella, G. Carmona, y D. López Forero, Caracterización Energética de Empresas Industriales. Promigas Servicios Integrados S.A. Barranquilla. Colombia, 2005, p. 5.
AEDIE. Cámara Oficial de Comercio e Industria de Madrid y Comunidad de Madrid. Manual de Auditorias Energéticas. Madrid. Print A Porter. Comunicación, S.L. Madridinnova, 2003, p. 222.
Á. H. Restrepo, Gestión Total Eficiente de la Energía. Revista SCIENTIA ET TECHNICA, No. 21, Julio 2003, pp. 109 -114.
S. Gómez, Y. López, y C. Roncancio, Metodología de diagnóstico para estimación de rendimiento energético en pequeñas empresas metalúrgicas. I Congreso Internacional sobre Uso Racional y Eficiente de la Energía - CIUREE 2004. Universidad del Valle. Cali, Colombia. Noviembre 4-6, 2004, Vol. 1, pp. 362-368.
G. A. Osma Pinto, Metodología para el uso racional y eficiente de la energía desde el enfoque exergético en Industria Cauchos Record Ltda. [Trabajo de grado]. Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2007.
Ley URE, 697 de 2001. Diario Oficial 44573. Ministerio de Minas y Energía. Bogotá D. C. 03 de octubre de 2001. 11 art. 7 p.
Oportunidades para la eficiencia energética en Colombia. Disponible en: http: http://www.cdtdegas.com/ [citado 20 de Abril de 2009].
G. Wall, Exergetics, segunda edición. Exergy, Ecology, Democracy. Bucaramanga, Colombia, 2009, 151 p.
E. Sciubba, G. Wall, A brief Commented History of Exergy From the Beginnings to 2004, International Journal of Thermodynamics. Vol. 10, No. 1, March 2007, pp. 1-26.
M. C. Rodríguez Marulanda, Exergía: Una oportunidad para el desarrollo tecnológico, [en línea]. Medellín (Colombia). Revista CINTEX- Tecnológico Pascual Bravo, Vol. 1. No 10, 2003/2004.
Centro Piloto de Capacitación y Optimización de Centrales Térmicas y Estudios Energéticos-CLIOPE. Informe técnico termoeconomía. Universidad Industrial de Santander. Escuela de Ingeniería Mecánica. 1999.
Ian, Szargut, Exergy Analysis, ACADEMIA. Thermodynamics, Vol. 7, No. 3, 2005, pp 31-33.
G. Wall, M. Gong, On exergy and sustainable development – Part 1: Conditions and concepts. Exergy, an Internationa Journal, Vol. 3, 2001, pp. 128-145.
A. Valero Campilla, Bases termoeconómicas del ahorro. 2ª Conferencia Nacional sobre Ahorro Energético y Alternativas Energéticas.42 Feria Oficial y Nacional de Muestras. Zaragoza. 1982. Vol. 1, pp 201-221.
J. Quijano, Exergy analysis for the Ahuacachapan an Berlin Geothermal Fields. Proceedings World Geothermal Congress, Kyushu-Tohoku, Japan, May 28–June 10, 2000, pp 861-866.
I. Rojas Gordillo, Análisis de exergía en dos puntos críticos en una industria productora de harina de pescado. [Tesis de maestría] Universidad de Puerto Rico Recinto Universitario de Mayagüez, Puerto Rico, 2005.
T. KOTAS, The exergy method of thermal plants,first edition. Krieger Publishing Company, United States, 1995, p. 268.
R. Cornelissen, Thermodynamics and sustainable development: the use of exergy analysis and the reduction of irreversibility, [PhD Thesis], University of Twente, 1997.
A. Hinderink, F. Kerkhof, A. Lie, J. De Swaan Arons, H. Van Der Kooi, Exergy analysis with a flow sheeting simulator, Part I Theory, calculating exergies of material streams. Journal of Chemical Enginering Science. Oslo. Vol. 51, 1996, pp. 4693-4700.
A. Doldersum, Exergy analysis proves viability of process modifications. Journal of energy conversion and management. USA. Vol. 39, 1998, pp. 1781-1789.
M. Costa, R. Schaeffer, E. Worrell, Exergy accounting of energy and material flows in steel production systems, Energy, Vol. 26, No. 4, 2001, pp 363-384.
J. Caton, On the destruction of availability (exergy) due to combustion processes with specific application to internal combustion engines energy. Energy, Vol. 25, No. 11, 2000, pp 1097-1117.
M. Fernández-Parra, S. Nebra, The exergy of sugar cane, Proceedings of 14th European Biomass Conference & Exhibition, Biomass for Energy, Industry and Climate Protection, October 17-21 of 2005, París, France, pp. 990-997.
E. Rostein, The exergy balance: A diagnostic tool for energy optimization, Journal of Food Science, Vol. 48, No. 3, 2006, pp 945-950.
T. Ray, R. Ganguly, A. Gupta, Exergy Analysis for performance optimization of a steam turbine cycle, Power Engineering Society Conference and Exposition in Africa, 2007. IEEE, South Africa, July 16-20 of 2007, pp 1-8.
J. Guallar, J. M. Marin, J. A. Turegano, y A. Valero, A. La exergía: Un planteamiento más preciso del ahorro de energía. 2ª Conferencia Nacional sobre Ahorro Energético y Alternativas Energéticas. 42ª Feria Oficial y Nacional de Muestras. Zaragoza, 1982, pp. 397-405.
C. Torres Cuadra, Exergoeconomía Simbólica. [Tesis Doctoral]. Universidad de Zaragoza. 218 p. Disponible en: http://www.teide.cps.unizar.es. 1991.
C. González, P. L. Salazar C, Aplicación del análisis exergético a circuitos de energía en el parque tecnológico guatiguará (PTG). [Trabajo de grado]. Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2007.
G. A. Therán H, J. C. Posada G, URE: Aplicación del análisis exergético a circuitos eléctricos en los edificios de la Facultad de Ingenierías Fisicoquímicas y Planta de Aceros de la UIS. [Trabajo de grado]. Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2007.
N. Barbosa, E. Jiménez P, Aplicación del análisis exergético a circuitos de energía eléctrica en el Hospital Universitario de Santander (HUS). [Trabajo de grado]. Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2007.
W. A. Bonilla F, Propuesta para un uso racional de la energía en el Acueducto Metropolitano de Bucaramanga en el sistema de la subestación alimentadora sistema de bombeo de la planta Bosconia. [Trabajo de grado]. Universidad Industrial de Santander, 2006.
C. Torres Cuadra, y A. Valero Capilla, Termoeconomía. Curso de Doctorado. Universidad de Zaragoza. 2000. Disponible en: http://www.teide.cps.unizar.es.
M. Gong, y G. Wall, On exergetics, economics and optimization of technical processes to meet environmental conditions. Thermodynamic Analysis and Improvement of Energy Systems, TAIES’97, June 10-13, 1997, Beijing, China, pp 453-460.
F. J. Uche Marcuello, Análisis termoeconómico y simulación de una planta combinada de producción de agua y energía. [Tesis Doctoral]. Universidad de Zaragoza, 2000, 332 p. Disponible en: http://www.teide.cps.unizar.es.
G. Tsatsaronis, A Review of Exergoeconomic Methodologies. International Symposium on Second Law Analysis of Thermal Systems. Rome (ASME Book I00236). ASME, New York, USA, 1987, pp. 81-87.
A. Valero, M. A. Lozano, M. Muñoz, A General Theory of Exergy Saving. Part I: On the Exergetic Cost. ASME Book H0341A. WAM 1986, AES Vol. 2-3, pp. 1-8.
A. Valero, M. A. Lozano, M. Muñoz, A General Theory of Exergy Saving. Part II: On the Thermoeconomic Cost. ASME Book H0341A. WAM 1986, AES Vol. 2-3, pp. 9-16.
A. Valero, M. A. Lozano, M. Muñoz, A General Theory of Exergy Saving. Part III: Energy Saving and Thermoeconomics. ASME Book H0341A. WAM 1986, AES Vol. 2-3, pp. 17-22.
A. Bejan, G. Tsatsaronis, M. Moran, Thermal Design and Optimization, first edition, John Wiley and Sons Inc., New York, 1997, p. 560.
C. A. Frangopoulos, Thermoeconomic Functional Analysis and Optimization, Energy Vol. 12, no. 7, 1987, pp. 563-571.
M. R. Von Spakovsky, R. B. Evans, Engineering Functional Analysis. Part I. ASME Journal of energy resources technology, Vol. 115, 1993, pp. 86-92.
C. A. Frangopoulos, Intelligent Functional Approach: A Method for Analysis and Optimal Synthesis-Design-Operation of Complex Systems. Proceedings of the International Symposium: A future for energy. Florence, Italy. Pergamon Press, 1990, pp. 805-815.
G. Tsatsaronis, Invited Papers of Exergoeconomics. Energy Vol. 19, 1994, pp. 279.
A. Valero, L. Serra, C. Torres, A General Theory of Thermoeconomics: Part I: Structural Analysis. International Symposium ECOS’92. Zaragoza, Spain. ASME Book I00331, 1992, pp. 137-145.
A. Valero, L. Serra, M. A. Lozano, Structural Theory of Thermoeconomics, International Symposium on Thermodynamics and the Design, Analysis and Improvement of Energy Systems. Richter H. J. eds. ASME Book no. H00874. New Orleans, USA. 1993, pp. 189-198.
B. Erlach, Comparison of Thermoeconomic Methodologies: Structural Theory, AVCO and LIFO. Application to a Combined Cycle, ECOS’98, Efficiency, cost, optimization, simulation and environmental aspects of energy systems and processes, July 8-10 of 1998, Nancy, France, pp. Vol. I, 229-312.
B. Erlach, L. Serra, A. Valero, Structural Theory as Standard for Thermoeconomics. Energy Conversion and Management 40, 1999, pp. 1627-1649.
S. Reese Hedberg, Green engineering: Al pioneers cutting a trail, Executive insight, IEEE Expert, Junio 1996, p. 3.
S. Rosiek, F. J. Batlles, Integration of the solar thermal energy in th econstruction: Analysis of the solar-assisted air-conditioning system installed in CIESOL building, ELSEVIER, Renewable energy, 2009, p.9.
Li, Danny H.W. Lam, Tony N.T. Chan, Wilco W.H. Mak, Ada H.L. Energy and cost analysis of semi-transparent photovoltaic in office buildings. ELSEVIER. Applied Energy. 2009. 8p.
D. Castro, J. Sefair, L. Florez, A. Medaglia, Optimization model for the selection of materials using a LEED-based green building rating system in Colombia, ELSEVIER, Building and Environmet. 2009. p. 9.
R. Pulselli, E. Simoncini, N. Marchettini, Energy and emergy based cost–benefit evaluation of building envelopes relative to geographical location and climate, ELSEVIER. Building and Environment, 2009, p. 9.
T. Hong, A close look at the China Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings, ELSEVIER, Energy and Building, 2009, p. 10.
Y. Abeysundara, S. Babel, S. Gheewala, A matrix in life cycle perspective for selecting sustainable materials for buildings in Sri Lanka, ELSEVIER. Building and Environment, 2009, p. 8.
T. Malmqvist, M. Glaumann, Environmental efficiency in residential buildings - A simplified communication approach, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2009, p. 11.
A. Tramba, B. Yamokoshi, S. Foster, K. Gambill, EcoMOD monitoring system: measuring green building performance, IEEE, Proceedings of the 2006 Systems and Information Engineering Design Symposium, 2006, p. 5.
Y. Nitta, H. Yamagishi, T. Nomura, K. Minabuchi, M. Kondo, M. Hatta, Y. Tawada, New photovoltaic system exploited by unique characterisitics in thin film Si modules, IEEE, 3rd World Conference on Pothovoltaic Energy Conversion, Japon, 2003, p. 5
What are the environmental benefits of green buildings?Available:http://www.worldGBC.org[citado 30 de abril de 2009].
BOLETIN Junio 2009.Disponible en: http://www.cccs.org.co [citado 30 de abril de 2009].
Edificación Sustentable en América Del Norte. Disponible en: http://www.cec.org/greenbuilding [citado 25 de abril de 2009].
H. Ali, F. Saba, Al Nsairat, Developing a green building assessment tool for developing countries – Case of Jordan, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2009, p. 12.
J. T. San-Jose, R. Losada, J. Cuadrado, I. Garrucho, Approach to the quantication of the sustainable value in industrial buildings, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2008, p. 8
Q. Ding, Q. Tong, H. Tong, Evaluation of index for green zoology building and its definite algorithm in path analysis, IEEE, 4th International Conference on Natural Computation, 2008, p. 5.
C. Langston, F. Wong, E. Hui, L. Y. Shen, Strategic assessment of building adaptive reuse opportunities in Hong Kong, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2008, p. 10.
Hamilton, Ian G. Davies, Michael. Steadman, Philip. Stone, Andrew. Ridley, Ian. Evans, Stephen. The significance of the anthropogenic heat emissions of London’s buildings: A comparison against captured shortwave solar radiation. ELSEVIER. Building and Environment. 2008. 11p.
Green Building.Disponible en: http://www.wikipedia.com [citado 30 de abril de 2009].
Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental. Edificación sustentable en América del Norte, Estados Unidos, 2008, p. 80. Disponible en: http://www.cec.org.
G. Martin, Renewable energy Gets the “green” light in Chicago, IEEE power & energy magazine, 2003. p. 6.
N. W. Alnaser, R. Flanagan, The need of sustainable buildings construction in the Kingdom of Bahrain, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2007, p. 12.
The Building-Sustainable Design. Available: http://www.calacademy.org/ [citado 25 de abril de 2009].
R. Fayaz, B. Kari, Comparison of energy conservation building codes of Iran, Turkey, Germany, China, ISO 9164 and EN 832, ELSEVIER, Applied Energy, 2009, p. 7.
Departamento de Construcción Arquitectónica de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Manual ICARO, Guía de Aplicación, España, 2006.
W. Jianqiang, L. Jingxin, Design and experience of grid-connecting photovoltaic power system, IEEE, ICSET, 2008, p. 4.
T. N. Anderson, M. Duke, G. L. Morrison J. K. Carson, Performance of a building integrated photovoltaic / thermal (BIPVT) solar collector. ELSEVIER, Solar energy, 2009, p. 11.
A. Evans, V. Strezov, T. Evans, Assessment of sustainability indicators for renewable energy technologies, ELSEVIER, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2009, p. 7.
Departamento de Construcción Arquitectónica de la Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria. Manual ICARO, Manual de Iluminación, España. 2006.
Awad Momani, Mohammad. Yatim, Baharudin. The mpact of the daylight saving time on electricity consumption—A case study from Jordan, ELSEVIER, Energy Policy, 2009, p. 10.
C. Kandilli, K. Ulgen, A. Hepbasli, Exergetic assessment of transmission concentrated solar energy systems via optical fibres for building applications, ELSEVIER, Energy and Building, 2008, p. 8.
F. Li, K. Wichmann, R. Otterpohl, Review of the technological approaches for grey water treatment and reuses, ELSEVIER, Science of Total Environment, 2009, p. 11.
H. Takebayashi, M. Moriyama, Surface heat budget on green roof and high reflection roof for mitigation of urban heat island, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2007, p. 9.
D. J. Sailor, A green roof model for building energy simulation programs, ELSEVIER, Energy and Building, 2008, p. 13.
L. Kosareo, R. Ries, Comparative environmental life cycle assessment of green roofs, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2007, p. 8.
P. Jones, E. Alexandria, Developing a one-dimensional heat and mass transfer algorithm for describing the effect of green roofs on the built environment: Comparison with experimental results, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2007, p. 15.
T. V. Renterghem, D. Botteldooren, Reducing the acoustical façade load from road traffic with green roofs, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2009, p. 7.
E. Alexandri, P. Jones, Temperature decreases in an urban canyon due to green walls and green roofs in diverse climates, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2008, p. 14.
G. M. Stavrakakis, M. K. Koukou, M.Gr. Vrachopoulos, N. C. Markatos, Natural cross-ventilation in buildings: Building-scale experiments, numerical simulation and thermal comfort evaluation, ELSEVIER, Energy and Buildings, 2008, p. 16.
K. J. Lomas, Architectural design of an advanced naturally ventilated building form, ELSEVIER, Energy and Building, 2007, p. 16.
Y. Ji, K. J. Lomas, M. J. Cook, Hybrid ventilation for low energy building design in south China, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2009, p. 11.
A. Leama, B. Bordass, Are usersmore tolerant of greenbuildings?, Building Research & Information, 2007, p. 13.
K. H. Yang, R. L. Hwang, An improved assessment model of variable frequency-driven direct expansion air-conditioning system in commercial buildings for Taiwan green building rating system, ELSEVIER, Building and Environment, 2007, p. 7.