Artículos científicos
La plataforma carbonática de la Formación Tibasosa Superior, Cretáceo Inferior, Cuenca Cordillera Oriental, Firavitoba-Boyacá, Colombia
Juan Sebastián Gómez-Neita- Pedro Augusto Santos da Silva
- Laura Estefania Garzón-Rojas
- Luz Angie Patiño-Ballesteros
- Laura Alexandra Barrantes
- Anna Andressa Evangelista-Nogueira
Publicado 2021-01-07
Palabras clave
- Calizas,
- Diagénesis,
- Cuenca Cordillera Oriental,
- Formación Tibasosa Superior,
- Catodoluminiscencia (CL)
Cómo citar
Gómez-Neita, J. S., Santos da Silva, P. A., Garzón-Rojas, L. E., Patiño-Ballesteros, L. A., Barrantes, L. A., & Evangelista-Nogueira, A. A. (2021). La plataforma carbonática de la Formación Tibasosa Superior, Cretáceo Inferior, Cuenca Cordillera Oriental, Firavitoba-Boyacá, Colombia. Boletín De Geología, 43(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v43n1-2021001
Derechos de autor 2021 Boletín de Geología
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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Resumen
La Formación Tibasosa es la principal fuente de calizas en Boyacá. Esta unidad se depositó entre el Valanginiano-Albiano según el contenido fósil en la Cuenca Cordillera Oriental, registrando la primera incursión del mar Cretácico en Firavitoba. Los análisis de facies y estratigráficos de una sucesión carbonática-siliciclástica de ~12 m de espesor de la Formación Tibasosa Superior indican sistemas mareales/carbonáticos. Diez facies/microfacies se agruparon en dos asociaciones de facies (AFs): AF1, planicie mareal consiste en areniscas/limolitas laminadas y floatstones con un solo tipo de organismo dominante (conchas de bivalvos); y AF2 comprende rudstones, floatstones, packstones y wackstones, representando una plataforma carbonática. La descripción petrográfica determinó la textura/génesis y la secuencia diagenética con características de la eodiagénesis, mesodiagénesis y telodiagénesis sugiriendo un origen primario de estos carbonatos. El análisis mediante catodoluminiscencia (CL), espectrometría de energía dispersa (EDS) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (MEB) permitió identificar diferencias composicionales, fases de cementación y características morfológicas en diferentes procesos como micritización, neomorfimo, porosidad, piritización, compactación, cementación, fracturamiento. y meteorización. La interpretación de facies/microfacies indicó una deposición en una plataforma poco profunda con condiciones hidráulicas fluctuantes, aguas cálidas y eventos de tormentas/tsunamis que fragmentaron los bioclastos. Este sistema deposicional en la Cuenca Cordillera Oriental durante el Cretácico indica un gran evento transgresivo que inundó cientos de kilómetros, revelando conexión con el Océano Pacífico antes del levantamiento Andino. Los principales eventos diagenéticos corresponden a la micritización, cementación de calcita y compactación mecánica/química como resultado de la actividad microbiana, disolución, precipitación en la zona vadosa/freática y diagénesis de enterramiento. La secuencia diagenética revela la incidencia de procesos marinos y meteóricos que redujeron la porosidad y corroboran la actividad microbiana en el carbonato precipitado. Esta nueva interpretación permite comprender las plataformas carbonatadas en la Cuenca Cordillera Oriental para futuras correlaciones del mar Cretácico en Colombia.
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Li, J.; Cai, Z.; Chen, H.; Cong, F.; Wang, L.; Wei, Q.; Luo, Y. (2018). Influence of differential diagenesis on primary depositional signals in limestone-marl alternations: an example from Middle Permian marine successions, South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 495, 139-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.01.002
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Moore, C.; Wade, W. (2013). Carbonate reservoir: porosity and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework. (2nd ed.). Elsevier.
Morad, S.; Suwaidi, M.A.; Mansurbeg, H.; Morad, D.; Ceriani, A.; Paganoni, M.; Al-Aasm, I. (2019). Diagenesis of a limestone reservoir (Lower Cretaceous), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: Comparison between the anticline crest and flanks. Sedimentary Geology, 380, 127-142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sedgeo.2018.12.004
Nichols, G. (2009). Sedimentology and stratigraphy. (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell.
Patarroyo, P. (2002). Equinoideos del Miembro Calcáreo Superior, Formación Tibasosa, en el área de Firavitoba (Boyacá - Colombia). Morfología y fauna asociada. Geología Colombiana, 27, 95-107.
Patarroyo, P.; Rojas, A.; Salamanca, A. (2014). Stratigraphy of the Lower Calcareous Member (Valanginian - Hauterivian), Tibasosa Formation, Tibasosa – Boyacá (Colombia, S.A.). 23rd Latin American Colloquium on Earth Science, Heidelberg, Germany.
Patarroyo, P. (2020). Barremian deposits of Colombia: A special emphasis on marine successions. In: J. Gómez; A.O. Pinilla-Pachon (eds.). The Geology of Colombia (pp. 445-474) Volume 2. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.12
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