El diapirismo argilocinético del Margen Caribeño Colombiano: una revisión de sus condicionantes sedimentarios aplicados a la exploración de hidrocarburos
Publicado 2022-01-25
Palabras clave
- Diapirismo de lodo,
- Tectosedimentación,
- Cretácico-Neógeno,
- Sistemas petroleros,
- Riesgos ambientales
- Colombia ...Más
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
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Resumen
Se analizan la morfología y evolución de los diapiros y volcanes de lodo en el Margen Caribeño Colombiano (MCC), emplazados en secuencias sedimentarias transgresivas del Cretácico al Neógeno. Son estructuras extrusivas por argilocinesis que muestran la liberación de sedimentos sobrepresionados y fluidizados por aguas y/o hidrocarburos que intruyen hasta la superficie. A partir de la modelación analógica, se concluye que los condicionantes del origen y geometría de los mecanismos del diapirismo dependen de: i) la menor densidad de los niveles generadores infrayacentes en comparación con las secuencias suprayacentes y ii) de las débiles tasas de sedimentación de las secuencias que los post-datan. La exhumación progresiva del Cinturón Sinú-San Jacinto a partir del Oligo-Mioceno, debido a la convergencia tectónica transpresiva dextral entre las placas Sudamérica y Caribe, generó una barrera al transporte sedimentario hacia el norte del paleo río Cauca. Esta interrupción impidió su descarga directa, forzándolo a coalescer hacia el río Magdalena. Se propone un provincialismo del diapirismo a partir de las diferencias en las tasas de progradación de sedimentos más densos sobre secuencias pelíticas asociadas con conspicuos tipos de plegamientos intensos: a) al norte (Cinturón San Jacinto), compresional tangencial con ejes de pliegues doblemente buzantes y escalonados subparalelamente al litoral Caribe y b) al sur (Cinturón Sinú), gravitatorio con amplios sinclinales en forma de cubetas y anticlinales estrechos. El mejor conocimiento de la evolución 4D del diapirismo en el MCC contribuye en la definición del potencial de los sistemas petroleros infrayacentes y en la prevención de riesgos ambientales en las maniobras exploratorias.
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