Vol. 44 Núm. 1 (2022): Boletín de Geología
Artículos científicos

El diapirismo argilocinético del Margen Caribeño Colombiano: una revisión de sus condicionantes sedimentarios aplicados a la exploración de hidrocarburos

Eduardo Antonio Rossello
Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas
Biografía
Jairo Alonso Osorio
Servicio Geológico Colombiano
Sergio López-Isaza
Universidad de Buenos Aires

Publicado 2022-01-25

Palabras clave

  • Diapirismo de lodo,
  • Tectosedimentación,
  • Cretácico-Neógeno,
  • Sistemas petroleros,
  • Riesgos ambientales,
  • Colombia
  • ...Más
    Menos

Cómo citar

Rossello, E. A. ., Osorio, J. A. ., & López-Isaza, S. . (2022). El diapirismo argilocinético del Margen Caribeño Colombiano: una revisión de sus condicionantes sedimentarios aplicados a la exploración de hidrocarburos. Boletín De Geología, 44(1), 15–48. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v44n1-2022001

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Resumen

Se analizan la morfología y evolución de los diapiros y volcanes de lodo en el Margen Caribeño Colombiano (MCC), emplazados en secuencias sedimentarias transgresivas del Cretácico al Neógeno. Son estructuras extrusivas por argilocinesis que muestran la liberación de sedimentos sobrepresionados y fluidizados por aguas y/o hidrocarburos que intruyen hasta la superficie. A partir de la modelación analógica, se concluye que los condicionantes del origen y geometría de los mecanismos del diapirismo dependen de: i) la menor densidad de los niveles generadores infrayacentes en comparación con las secuencias suprayacentes y ii) de las débiles tasas de sedimentación de las secuencias que los post-datan. La exhumación progresiva del Cinturón Sinú-San Jacinto a partir del Oligo-Mioceno, debido a la convergencia tectónica transpresiva dextral entre las placas Sudamérica y Caribe, generó una barrera al transporte sedimentario hacia el norte del paleo río Cauca. Esta interrupción impidió su descarga directa, forzándolo a coalescer hacia el río Magdalena. Se propone un provincialismo del diapirismo a partir de las diferencias en las tasas de progradación de sedimentos más densos sobre secuencias pelíticas asociadas con conspicuos tipos de plegamientos intensos: a) al norte (Cinturón San Jacinto), compresional tangencial con ejes de pliegues doblemente buzantes y escalonados subparalelamente al litoral Caribe y b) al sur (Cinturón Sinú), gravitatorio con amplios sinclinales en forma de cubetas y anticlinales estrechos. El mejor conocimiento de la evolución 4D del diapirismo en el MCC contribuye en la definición del potencial de los sistemas petroleros infrayacentes y en la prevención de riesgos ambientales en las maniobras exploratorias.

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