Boletín de Geología

Vol. 45 Núm. 1 (2023): Boletín de Geología
Artículos científicos

Análisis mineralógicos, petrográficos y geoquímicos confirman el origen hidrotermal de sedimentos metalíferos sobreyaciendo las peridotitas de Cerro Matoso, Colombia

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  • Andrés Castrillón,
  • Franck Lartaud,
  • Antonio Delgado-Huertas,
  • Fernando Núñez-Useche
Andrés Castrillón
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Franck Lartaud
Sorbonne Université
Antonio Delgado-Huertas
Universidad de Granada
Fernando Núñez-Useche
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v45n1-2023003

Publicado 2023-02-28

Palabras clave

  • Isótopos de oxígeno y carbono,
  • Metano,
  • REE,
  • Sistemas de ventilas hidrotermales,
  • Lateritas de níquel

Cómo citar

Castrillón, A., Lartaud, F., Delgado-Huertas, A., & Núñez-Useche, F. (2023). Análisis mineralógicos, petrográficos y geoquímicos confirman el origen hidrotermal de sedimentos metalíferos sobreyaciendo las peridotitas de Cerro Matoso, Colombia. Boletín De Geología, 45(1), 53–86. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v45n1-2023003

Derechos de autor 2023 Boletín de Geología

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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.

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Resumen

El yacimiento Cerro Matoso, una de las minas de ferroníquel a cielo abierto más grandes del mundo, está formado por una sucesión sedimentaria que reposa sobre un cuerpo ultramáfico adosado al continente, que forma parte del Complejo Ofiolítico del Cauca. El conjunto de rocas fue adosado en el noroeste de Colombia durante el Cretácico, y fue expuesto a procesos de meteorización durante la última orogenia andina. Las muestras de sedimentos fueron recolectadas y estudiadas mediante microscopía petrográfica, SEM, EPMA, ICP-MS, FRX y análisis de isótopos de oxígeno y carbono. Los resultados de los isótopos de oxígeno reflejan temperaturas del agua intersticial que alcanzan los 130°C durante la precipitación mineral, lo que es coherente con fluidos derivados de la serpentinización de las rocas ultramáficas que pueden estar relacionados con actividad hidrotermal en el fondo del mar. Los valores negativos de δ13C (−27,1 a −1‰ V-PDB) en muestras (roca total) de la sucesión sedimentaria, se correlacionan con el rango de δ13C del metano de fluidos modernos derivados de serpentinita. Los datos REE/Fe (relación <0.4) sugieren que los sedimentos denominados lodolitas negras y arcillolitas verdes fosilíferas corresponden a sedimentos metalíferos e hidrotermales respectivamente, formados en la antigua dorsal meso-oceánica del océano Pacífico, muy al oeste de su posición actual. Las anomalías positivas de Eu y negativas de Ce registradas en la sucesión de lodolitas negras se correlacionan con un escenario de plumas hidrotermales.

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