Artículos
Análisis estructural del Anticlinal de Bogotá, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia: Implicaciones en el estilo de deformación del Piedemonte Llanero
Daniel Barrera- Andrés Mora
- Eliseo Tesón
Publicado 2019-09-30
Palabras clave
- Cordillera Oriental,
- pliegues de despegue,
- Piedemonte Llanero,
- Orogenia Andina
Cómo citar
Barrera, D., Mora, A., & Tesón, E. (2019). Análisis estructural del Anticlinal de Bogotá, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia: Implicaciones en el estilo de deformación del Piedemonte Llanero. Boletín De Geología, 41(3), 15–30. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v41n3-2019001
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Resumen
En este trabajo se describe y se discute un análisis estructural del Anticlinal de Bogotá, en donde a partir de la creación de un nuevo mapa geológico y secciones estructurales, se propone un modelo de evolución del plegamiento. El Anticlinal de Bogotá es una estructura geológica compleja con variaciones importantes en su vergencia y en su geometría en distancias muy cortas, por lo cual su formación fue asociada en el pasado a colapsos gravitacionales. El Anticlinal de Bogotá se encuentra en el Plateau de Bogotá, que hace parte de la zona axial de la Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. En este trabajo se propone que este pliegue muestra una variación lateral que evidencia diferentes etapas de deformación de un pliegue de despegue fallado con un horizonte de despegue ubicado en la Formación Chipaque. Una falla de cabalgamiento propuesta al este de la estructura de estudio podría generar el acortamiento necesario para la formación de este pliegue. El modelo propuesto podría servir como un análogo para un estado anterior de menor deformación para los pliegues observados en rocas similares del Piedemonte Llanero.
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Referencias
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Buxtorf, A. (1916). Prognosen und befunde beim Hauenstembasisund Grenchenbergtunnel und die Bedeutung der letzeren fur die geologie des Juragebirges. Verhandlungen der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Basel, 27, 184-205. doi: 10.5169/seals-171852.
Caballero, V., Parra, M., Mora, A., Lopez, C., Rojas, L., and Quintero, I. (2013). Factors controlling selective abandonment and reactivation in thick-skin orogens: a case study in the Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377, 343-367. doi: 10.1144/SP377.4.
Carrillo, E., Mora, A., Ketcham, R., Amorocho, R., Parra, M., Costantino, D., Robles, W., Avellaneda, W., Carvajal, J.S., Corcione, M.F., Bello, W., Figueroa, J.D., Gómez, J.F., González, J.L., Quandt, D., Reyes, M., Rangel, A.M., Román, I., Pelayo, Y., and Porras, J. (2016). Movement vectors and deformation mechanisms in kinematic restorations: A case study from the Colombian Eastern Cordillera. Interpretation, 4(1), T31-T48. doi: 10.1190/INT-2015-0049.1.
Chamberlin, R.T. (1910). The Appalachian folds of central Pennsylvania. The Journal of Geology, 18(3), 228-251. doi: 10.1086/621722.
Colletta, B., Hebrard, F., Letouzey, J., Werner, P., and Rudkiewicz, J.L. (1990). Tectonic style and crustal structure of the eastern Cordillera (Colombia) from a balanced cross-section. In: J. Letouzey (ed.). Petroleum and tectonics in mobile belts (pp. 81-100). Paris: Editions Technip.
Cooper, M.A., Addison, F.T., Alvarez, R., Coral, M., Graham, R.H., Hayward, A.B., Howe, S., Martinez, J., Naar, J., Peñas, R., Pulham, A.J., and Taborda, A. (1995). Basin development and tectonic history of the Llanos Basin, Eastern Cordillera, and Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. AAPG Bulletin, 79(10), 1421-1442.
Cortés, M., Colletta, B., and Angelier, J. (2006). Structure and tectonics of the central segment of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21(4), 437-465. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.004.
Currie, J.B., Patnode, H.W., and Trump, R.P. (1962). Developments of folds in sedimentary strata. GSA Bulletin, 73(6), 655-673. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[655:DOFISS]2.0.CO;2.
Davis, D.M., and Engelder, T. (1985). The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. Tectonophysics, 119(1-4), 67-88. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(85)90033-2.
De la Parra, F., Mora, A., Rueda, M., and Quintero, I. (2015). Temporal and spatial distribution of tectonic events as deduced from reworked palynomorphs in the eastern northern Andes. AAPG Bulletin, 99(8), 1455-1472. doi: 10.1306/02241511153.
Dengo, C., and Covey, M.C. (1993). Structure of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Implications for trap styles and regional tectonics. AAPG Bulletin, 77(8), 1315-1337.
Epard, J.L., and Groshong Jr, R.H. (1995). Kinematic model of detachment folding including limb rotation, fied hinges, and layer-parallel strain. Tectonophysics, 247(1-4), 85-103. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(94)00266-C
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García, H., y Jiménez, G. (2016). Análisis estructural del Anticlinal de Zipaquirá (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia). Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, 39, 21-32. doi: 10.15446/rbct.n39.50333.
Harrison, J.C., and Bally, A.W. (1988). Cross-section of the Parry Island fold belt on Melville Island, Canadian Arctic Islands; implications for the timing and kinematic history of some thin-skinned decollement systems. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 36(3), 311-332.
Hermeston, S., and Nemčok, M. (2013). Thick-skin orogen–foreland interactions and their controlling factors, Northern Andes of Colombia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377, 443-471.
Homza, T.X., and Wallace, K.W. (1995). Geometric and kinematic models for detachment folds with fixed and variable detachment depths. Journal of Structural Geology, 17(4), 575-588. doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(94)00077-D.
Hull, C.E., and Warman, H.R. (1970). Asmari oil fields of Iran. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.). Geology of giant petroleum fields (pp. 428-437). AAPG Memoir, 14.
Jamison, W.J. (1987). Geometric analysis of fold development in overthrust terranes. Journal of Structural Geology, 9(2), 207-219. doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(87)90026-5.
Jimenez, L., Mora, A., Casallas, W., Silva, A., Tesón, E., Tamara, J., Namson, J., Higuera-Díaz, C., Lasso, A., and Stockli, D. (2013). Segmentation and growth of foothill thrust-belts adjacent to inverted grabens: the case of the Colombian Llanos foothills. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 377, 189-220. doi: 10.1144/SP377.11.
Julivert, M. (1963). Los rasgos tectónicos de la región de la Sabana de Bogotá y los mecanismos de formación de las estructuras. Boletín de Geología, 13-14, 5-102.
Julivert, M. (1970). Cover and basement tectonics in the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, South America, and a comparison with some other folded chains. GSA Bulletin, 81(12), 3623-3646.
Kammer, A. (1996). Estructuras y deformaciones del borde oriental del Macizo de Floresta. Geología Colombiana, 21, 65-80.
Kammer, A. (1997). Los pliegues del sinclinal de Tunja. Análisis estructural y modelamiento geométrico. Geología Colombiana, 22, 3-25.
Kammer, A., and Mora, A. (1999). Structural style and amount of shortening of the folded Bogotá segment, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Zentralblatt fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Teil I, 823-838.
Martinez, J.A. (2006). Structural evolution of the Llanos Foothills, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21(4), 510-520. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.010.
McLaughlin, Jr. D.H. (1972). Evaporite deposits of Bogotá area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. AAPG Bulletin, 56(11), 2240-2259. doi: 10.1306/819A41FE-16C5-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Mitra, S. (2002). Structural models of faulted detachment folds. AAPG Bulletin, 86(9), 1673-1694. doi: 10.1306/61EEDD3C-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Mitra, S. (2003). A unified kinematic model for the evolution of detachment folds. Journal of Structural Geology, 25(10), 1659-1673. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00198-0.
Mora, A., y Kammer, A., (1999). Comparación de los estilos estructurales en la sección entre Bogotá y los Farallones de Medina, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Geología Colombiana, 24, 55-83.
Mora, A., Parra, M., Strecker, M.R., Kammer, A., Dimaté, C., and Rodríguez, F. (2006). Cenozoic contractional reactivation of Mesozoic extensional structures in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Tectonics, 25(2). doi: 10.1029/2005TC001854.
Mora, A., Parra, M., Strecker, M.R., Sobel, E.R., Hooghiemstra, H., Torres, V., and Vallejo-Jaramillo, J. (2008). Climatic forcing of asymmetric orogenic evolution in the eastern Cordillera of Colombia. GSA Bulletin, 120(7-8), 930-949. doi: 10.1130/B26186.1.
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Caballero, V., Parra, M., Mora, A., Lopez, C., Rojas, L., and Quintero, I. (2013). Factors controlling selective abandonment and reactivation in thick-skin orogens: a case study in the Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377, 343-367. doi: 10.1144/SP377.4.
Carrillo, E., Mora, A., Ketcham, R., Amorocho, R., Parra, M., Costantino, D., Robles, W., Avellaneda, W., Carvajal, J.S., Corcione, M.F., Bello, W., Figueroa, J.D., Gómez, J.F., González, J.L., Quandt, D., Reyes, M., Rangel, A.M., Román, I., Pelayo, Y., and Porras, J. (2016). Movement vectors and deformation mechanisms in kinematic restorations: A case study from the Colombian Eastern Cordillera. Interpretation, 4(1), T31-T48. doi: 10.1190/INT-2015-0049.1.
Chamberlin, R.T. (1910). The Appalachian folds of central Pennsylvania. The Journal of Geology, 18(3), 228-251. doi: 10.1086/621722.
Colletta, B., Hebrard, F., Letouzey, J., Werner, P., and Rudkiewicz, J.L. (1990). Tectonic style and crustal structure of the eastern Cordillera (Colombia) from a balanced cross-section. In: J. Letouzey (ed.). Petroleum and tectonics in mobile belts (pp. 81-100). Paris: Editions Technip.
Cooper, M.A., Addison, F.T., Alvarez, R., Coral, M., Graham, R.H., Hayward, A.B., Howe, S., Martinez, J., Naar, J., Peñas, R., Pulham, A.J., and Taborda, A. (1995). Basin development and tectonic history of the Llanos Basin, Eastern Cordillera, and Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. AAPG Bulletin, 79(10), 1421-1442.
Cortés, M., Colletta, B., and Angelier, J. (2006). Structure and tectonics of the central segment of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21(4), 437-465. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.004.
Currie, J.B., Patnode, H.W., and Trump, R.P. (1962). Developments of folds in sedimentary strata. GSA Bulletin, 73(6), 655-673. doi: 10.1130/0016-7606(1962)73[655:DOFISS]2.0.CO;2.
Davis, D.M., and Engelder, T. (1985). The role of salt in fold-and-thrust belts. Tectonophysics, 119(1-4), 67-88. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(85)90033-2.
De la Parra, F., Mora, A., Rueda, M., and Quintero, I. (2015). Temporal and spatial distribution of tectonic events as deduced from reworked palynomorphs in the eastern northern Andes. AAPG Bulletin, 99(8), 1455-1472. doi: 10.1306/02241511153.
Dengo, C., and Covey, M.C. (1993). Structure of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: Implications for trap styles and regional tectonics. AAPG Bulletin, 77(8), 1315-1337.
Epard, J.L., and Groshong Jr, R.H. (1995). Kinematic model of detachment folding including limb rotation, fied hinges, and layer-parallel strain. Tectonophysics, 247(1-4), 85-103. doi: 10.1016/0040-1951(94)00266-C
Farris, D.W., Jaramillo, C., Bayona, G., Restrepo-Moreno, S.A., Montes, C., Cardona, A., Mora, A., Speakman, R.J., Glascock, M.D., and Valencia, V. (2011). Fracturing the Panamanian Isthmus during initial collision with South America. Geology,39(11), 1007-1010. doi: 10.1130/G32237.1.
García, H., y Jiménez, G. (2016). Análisis estructural del Anticlinal de Zipaquirá (Cordillera Oriental, Colombia). Boletín de Ciencias de la Tierra, 39, 21-32. doi: 10.15446/rbct.n39.50333.
Harrison, J.C., and Bally, A.W. (1988). Cross-section of the Parry Island fold belt on Melville Island, Canadian Arctic Islands; implications for the timing and kinematic history of some thin-skinned decollement systems. Bulletin of Canadian Petroleum Geology, 36(3), 311-332.
Hermeston, S., and Nemčok, M. (2013). Thick-skin orogen–foreland interactions and their controlling factors, Northern Andes of Colombia. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 377, 443-471.
Homza, T.X., and Wallace, K.W. (1995). Geometric and kinematic models for detachment folds with fixed and variable detachment depths. Journal of Structural Geology, 17(4), 575-588. doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(94)00077-D.
Hull, C.E., and Warman, H.R. (1970). Asmari oil fields of Iran. In: M.T. Halbouty (ed.). Geology of giant petroleum fields (pp. 428-437). AAPG Memoir, 14.
Jamison, W.J. (1987). Geometric analysis of fold development in overthrust terranes. Journal of Structural Geology, 9(2), 207-219. doi: 10.1016/0191-8141(87)90026-5.
Jimenez, L., Mora, A., Casallas, W., Silva, A., Tesón, E., Tamara, J., Namson, J., Higuera-Díaz, C., Lasso, A., and Stockli, D. (2013). Segmentation and growth of foothill thrust-belts adjacent to inverted grabens: the case of the Colombian Llanos foothills. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, 377, 189-220. doi: 10.1144/SP377.11.
Julivert, M. (1963). Los rasgos tectónicos de la región de la Sabana de Bogotá y los mecanismos de formación de las estructuras. Boletín de Geología, 13-14, 5-102.
Julivert, M. (1970). Cover and basement tectonics in the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia, South America, and a comparison with some other folded chains. GSA Bulletin, 81(12), 3623-3646.
Kammer, A. (1996). Estructuras y deformaciones del borde oriental del Macizo de Floresta. Geología Colombiana, 21, 65-80.
Kammer, A. (1997). Los pliegues del sinclinal de Tunja. Análisis estructural y modelamiento geométrico. Geología Colombiana, 22, 3-25.
Kammer, A., and Mora, A. (1999). Structural style and amount of shortening of the folded Bogotá segment, Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Zentralblatt fuer Geologie und Palaeontologie, Teil I, 823-838.
Martinez, J.A. (2006). Structural evolution of the Llanos Foothills, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21(4), 510-520. doi: 10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.010.
McLaughlin, Jr. D.H. (1972). Evaporite deposits of Bogotá area, Cordillera Oriental, Colombia. AAPG Bulletin, 56(11), 2240-2259. doi: 10.1306/819A41FE-16C5-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Mitra, S. (2002). Structural models of faulted detachment folds. AAPG Bulletin, 86(9), 1673-1694. doi: 10.1306/61EEDD3C-173E-11D7-8645000102C1865D.
Mitra, S. (2003). A unified kinematic model for the evolution of detachment folds. Journal of Structural Geology, 25(10), 1659-1673. doi: 10.1016/S0191-8141(02)00198-0.
Mora, A., y Kammer, A., (1999). Comparación de los estilos estructurales en la sección entre Bogotá y los Farallones de Medina, Cordillera Oriental de Colombia. Geología Colombiana, 24, 55-83.
Mora, A., Parra, M., Strecker, M.R., Kammer, A., Dimaté, C., and Rodríguez, F. (2006). Cenozoic contractional reactivation of Mesozoic extensional structures in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. Tectonics, 25(2). doi: 10.1029/2005TC001854.
Mora, A., Parra, M., Strecker, M.R., Sobel, E.R., Hooghiemstra, H., Torres, V., and Vallejo-Jaramillo, J. (2008). Climatic forcing of asymmetric orogenic evolution in the eastern Cordillera of Colombia. GSA Bulletin, 120(7-8), 930-949. doi: 10.1130/B26186.1.
Mora, A., Parra, M., Strecker, M.R., Sobel, E.R., Zeilinger, G., Jaramillo, C., Da Silva, S., and Blanco, M. (2010a). The eastern foothills of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia: An example of multiple factors controlling structural styles and active tectonics. GSA Bulletin, 122(11-12), 1846-1864. doi: 10.1130/B30033.1.
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