Artículos
Influencia de la actividad tectónica y volcánica reciente en la dinámica fluvial del río Anaime (Cajamarca, Cordillera Central de Colombia)
Helbert García-Delgado- Silvia Machuca
Publicado 2019-09-30
Palabras clave
- geomorfología tectónica,
- Falla de Palestina,
- Falla de Ibagué,
- Volcán Cerro Machín,
- evolución del paisaje
- fallas activas ...Más
Cómo citar
García-Delgado, H., & Machuca, S. (2019). Influencia de la actividad tectónica y volcánica reciente en la dinámica fluvial del río Anaime (Cajamarca, Cordillera Central de Colombia). Boletín De Geología, 41(3), 57–83. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v41n3-2019003
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Resumen
El valle del río Anaime, localizado en la parte central de la Cordillera Central, se encuentra en una zona con influencia tectónica importante por estructuras regionales que hacen parte de los Sistemas de Fallas de Palestina e Ibagué. Además de lo anterior, esta zona ha estado bajo influencia de eventos volcánicos regionales como producto de la actividad reciente durante los últimos 5000 años del Volcán Cerro Machín. En este trabajo se presenta un análisis geomorfológico cuantitativo a partir del uso de diferentes índices geomorfológicos tales como la curva e integral hipsométrica, el índice de forma de la cuenca, el factor de asimetría, la relación ancho-altura del valle, perfiles longitudinales normalizados y el índice de extensión pendiente-relativa con el objetivo de analizar la influencia de la tectónica y la actividad volcánica en la evolución reciente del paisaje en el río Anaime. Los análisis geomorfológicos muestran que la evolución reciente del paisaje a lo largo de la parte alta del valle del río Anaime ha estado controlada por caídas locales en el nivel base inducidas por actividad tectónica reciente de la Falla de Palestina y con menor influencia por la Falla de Ibagué. La presencia de múltiples knickpoints móviles a lo largo de algunos tributarios del río Anaime y su correlación positiva con las estructuras asociadas a la Falla de Palestina permiten suponer que esta estructura ha estado activa. Por otro lado, la actividad Holocena del Volcán Cerro Machín ha inducido ajustes en el paisaje y la red de drenaje con el objetivo de compensar el gran volumen de material piroclástico depositado sobre el valle del río Anaime, anomalías que han perdurado en escalas de tiempo de entre 102 a 103 años y que pueden ser analizadas con la curva hipsométrica y los perfiles longitudinales normalizados de algunas quebradas tributarias al río Anaime.
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