Artículos científicos
The gravitational slumping of Guando (Tolima, Colombia): structural characteristics and consequences in its tectonic interpretation
Eduardo Antonio Rossello- José Luis Saavedra
Published 2020-09-30
Keywords
- Gravitational slumping,
- Structural interpretation,
- Tectonics,
- Guando Field,
- Colombia
How to Cite
Rossello, E. A., & Saavedra, J. L. (2020). The gravitational slumping of Guando (Tolima, Colombia): structural characteristics and consequences in its tectonic interpretation. Boletín De Geología, 42(3), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v42n3-2020007
Copyright (c) 2020 Boletín de Geología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Abstract
The mountainous areas with steep topographic slopes tend to show shallow gravitational landslides that attenuate the prominence of the relief, as occurred in Guando. The multicompositional nature of the rocky volumes involved, the climatic incidence and the action of seismicity can trigger landslides that adjust the topography to levels of greater stability. Thus, the frequently responsible and characteristic compressional tectonic interpretation of these reliefs is affected by features attributed to more recent and shallow gravitational phenomena. Thus, it is possible to involve within the same deformative process the thrusting with the gravitational slides if they are considered chronologically contemporary. If they are located on underlying exploratory targets when drilled through, drilling tools may crash and collapse depending on the displacements magnitudes that occur on the sub-horizontal surfaces of the slide. The objective of this work is to describe topographic and subsoil morphostructural features characteristic of the gravitational displacements involved in conventional compressional structural interpretation and the technical problems that can be generated in exploratory activities. In this regard, a 3D description of the Campo Guando case in the Upper Magdalena Basin (Colombia) is provided with a real example of the possible causes and consequences of this problem.
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References
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Alsop, G.I.; Marco, S.; Weinberger, R.; Levi, T. (2017). Upslope-verging back thrusts developed during downslope-directed slumping of mass transport deposits. Journal of Structural Geology, 100, 45-61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2017.05.006
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Cobbold, P.R.; Davy, P.; Gapais, D.; Rossello, E.A.; Sadybakasov, E.; Thomas, J.C.; Tondji-Biyo, J.J.; Urreiztieta, M. (1993). Sedimentary basins and crustal thickening. Sedimentary Geology, 86(1-2), 77-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/0037-0738(93)90134-Q
Cobbold, P.R.; Rossello, E.A.; Roperch, P.; Arriagada, C.; Gómez, L.A.; Lima, C. (2007). Distribution, timing, and causes of Andean deformation across South America. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 272, 321-343. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.2007.272.01.17
Cooper, M.A.; Addison, F.T.; Alvarez, R.; Coral, M.; Graham, R.H.; Hayward, A.B.; Howe, S.; Martinez, J.; Naar, J.; Peñas, R.; Pulham, A.J.; Taboada, A. (1995). Basin development and tectonic history of the Llanos Basin, Eastern Cordillera and Magdalena Valley, Colombia. AAPG Bulletin, 79(10), 1421-1443. https://doi.org/10.1306/7834D9F4-1721-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Cossio, U.; Rodríguez, G.; Rodríguez, M. (1995). Geología de la Plancha 283 Purificación. Escala 1:100.000. INGEOMINAS.
Crozier, M.J. (1986). Landslides: causes, consequences and environment. Croom Helm.
Cruden, D.M.; Varnes, D.J. (1996). Landslide types and processes. In: A.K. Turner; R.L. Schuster (eds). Landslides investigation and mitigation (pp. 36-75). US National Research Council. Special Report 247, Chapter 3.
De Freitas, M.G. (2001). Exploring for subthrust traps in a transpressional setting – A review of unsuccessful results and strategies for improvement in the Upper Magdalena Valley of Colombia. AAPG Hedberg Conference, Mendoza, Argentina.
De Freitas, M.G.; Vidal, G.; Mantilla, M. (2006). Structural evolution and hydrocarbon entrapment in the Balcon field area, Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia. IX Simposio Bolivariano de Exploración Petrolera en Cuencas Subandinas. Cartagena, Colombia. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609-pdb.111.193
Dikau, R.; Brunsdsen, D.; Schrott, L.; Ibsen, M.K. (1996). Landslides recognition: identification, movement and causes. John Wiley & Sons.
Dingle, R.V. (1977). The anatomy of a large submarine slump on a sheared continental margin (SE Africa). Journal of the Geological Society, 134(3), 293-310. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.134.3.0293
Easterbrook, D.J. (1993). Surfaces processes and landforms. (2nd ed). Prentice Hall
Glade, T.; Anderson, M.; Crozier, M.J. (2012). Landslide hazard and risk. John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470012659
Gómez, E.; Jordan, T.E.; Allmendinger, R.W.; Hegarty, K.; Kelley, S.; Heizler, M. (2003). Controls on architecture of the Late Cretaceous to Cenozoic southern Middle Magdalena Valley Basin, Colombia. GSA Bulletin, 115(2), 131-147. https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(2003)115%3C0131:COAOTL%3E2.0.CO;2
Gostelow, T.P. (1991). Rainfall and landslides. In: M.E. Almeida-Teixeira; R. Fantechi; R. Oliveira; A. Gomes-Coelho (eds.). Prevention and control of landslides and other mass movements (pp. 139-161). Commission of the European Communities. Report EUR 12918.
Girty, G.H. (2009). Perilous Earth: Understanding Processes behind Natural Disasters. Chapter 7, Montezuma Publishing.
Hansen, M.C. (2000). Earthquakes and seismic risk in Ohio. Ohio Department of Natural Resources, Division of Geological Survey.
Hennings, P.; Olson, J.; Thompson, L. (2000). Combining outcrop data and three-dimensional structural models to characterize fracture reservoirs: an example from Wyoming. AAPG Bulletin, 84(6), 830-849. https://doi.org/10.1306/A967340A-1738-11D7-8645000102C1865D
Hergarten, S.; Robl, J.; Stüwe, K. (2014). Extracting topographic swath profiles across curved geomorphic features. Earth Surface Dynamics, 2, 97-104. https://doi.org/10.5194/esurf-2-97-2014
Higuera, D.A. (2012). Modelo petrofísico integrado del Grupo Guadalupe, aplicado al Campo Matachín Norte. MSc. Thesis, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia.
Hungr, O.; Leroueil, S.; Picarelli, L. (2013). The Varnes classification of landslide types, an update. Landslides 11, 167-194. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0436-y
Hutchinson, J.N. (1988). General report, morphological and geotechnical parameters if landslides in relation to Geology and Hydrogeoloy. 5th International Symposium on Landslides. Balkema, Rotterdam.
Hutchinson, J.N.; Bhandari, R.K. (1971). Undrained loading, a fundamental mechanism of mudflows and other mass movements. Géotechnique, 21(4), 353-358. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1971.21.4.353
Jaimes, E.; De Freitas, M. (2006). An Albian-Cenomanian unconformity in the Northern Andes: Evidence and tectonic significance. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21(4), 466-492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.011
Leroueil, S.; Locat, J.; Vaunat, J.; Picarelli, L.; Lee, H.; Faure, R. (1996). Geotechnical characterization of slope movements. In: K. Senneset (ed.) Landslides. Balkema, Rotterdam.
Mojica, J.; Franco, R. (1990). Estructura y evolución tectónica del Valle Medio y Superior del Magdalena, Colombia. Geología Colombiana, 17, 41-64.
Montes, C.; Hatcher, R.; Restrepo-Pace, P. (2005). Tectonic reconstruction of the northern Andean blocks: Oblique convergence and rotations derived from the kinematics of the Piedras-Girardot area, Colombia. Tectonophysics, 399(1-4), 221-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.12.024
Mora, A.; Mantilla, M.; De Freitas, M. (2010). Cretaceous paleogeography and sedimentation in the Upper Magdalena and Putumayo Basins, Southwestern Colombia. Search and Discovery, Article #50246, AAPG.
Nemčok, A.; Pašek, J.; Rybář, J. (1972). Classification of landslides and other mass movements. Rock Mechanics, 4, 71-78. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01239137
Ng, K.S.; Chew, Y.M. (2019). Slope stability analysis of embankment over stone column improved ground. Journal of Engineering Science and Technology, 14(6), 3582-3596.
Pfiffner, O.A. (2017). Thick-skinned and thin-skinned tectonics: A global perspective. Geosciences, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences7030071
Price, N.J.; Cosgrove, J.W. (1990). Analysis of geological structures. Cambridge University Press.
Ramsay, J.G.; Huber, M.I. (1983). The techniques of modern structural geology: strain analyses. Academic Press.
Rincón, G.; Garzón, J.C.; de Moraes, J.J. (2003). Campo Guando, Primer Descubrimiento de la Antesala del Siglo XXI en el Valle Superior del Magdalena, Colombia. 8th Simposio Bolivariano - Exploración Petrolera en las Cuencas Subandinas. Cartagena, Colombia.
Rossello, E.A. (2001). Sistemas tectónicos transcurrentes: una síntesis de sus condiciones mecánicas y aplicaciones geoeconómicas. En: J.M. Cortés; E.A. Rossello; L. Dalla-Salda (eds.). Avances en Microtectónica (pp. 19-43). Asociación Geológica Argentina Serie D: Publicación Especial No. 5.
Rossello, E.A.; Saavedra, J.L. (2016). Relaciones estructurales entre el cabalgamiento Boquerón y deslizamientos gravitatorios en el Campo Guando (Valle Superior del Magdalena, Colombia). XII Simposio Bolivariano de Cuencas Subandinas, Bogotá, Colombia.
Sassa, K. (1999). Introduction. In: K. Sassa (ed). Landslides of the world (pp. 3-18). Kyoto University Press.
Sarmiento, L.F.; Rangel, A. (2004). Petroleum systems of the Upper Magdalena Valley, Colombia. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 21(3), 373-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2003.11.019
Sarmiento-Rojas, L.F.; Van Wess, J.D.; Cloetingh, S. (2006). Mesozoic transtensional basin history of the Eastern Cordillera, Colombian Andes: Inferences from tectonic models. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 21, 383-411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2006.07.003
Schamel, S. (1991). Middle and Upper Magdalena Basins, Colombia. In: K.T. Biddle (ed.). Active margin basins (pp. 283-301). Chapter 10. AAPG, Memoir, 52.
Schuster, R.L.; Salcedo, D.A.; Valenzuela, L. (2002). Overview of catastrophic landslides of South America in the twentieth century. In: S.G. Evans; J.V. DeGraff (eds.). Catastrophic Landslides: effects, occurrence, and mechanisms (pp. 1-34). The Geological Society of America. Reviews in Engineering Geology, vol. XV. https://doi.org/10.1130/REG15-p1
Seed, H.B.; Wilson, S.D. (1967). The Turnagain Heights landslide in Anchorage, Alaska. American Society of Civil Engineering. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, 93, 325-353.
Serra, O. (2008). Well logging Handbook. Technip Editions.
Sharpe, C.F. (1938). Landslides and related phenomena. Columbia University Press.
Terzaghi, K.; Peck, R.B. (1967). Soil mechanics in engineering practice. (2nd Ed.). Wiley.
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