Boletín de Geología

Vol. 45 No. 2 (2023): Boletín de Geología
Artículos científicos

Magnetic mineralogy of Jurassic rocks in the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia

PDF (Español (España))
  • Giovanny Jiménez,
  • Carlos Alberto García
Giovanny Jiménez
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Carlos Alberto García
Universidad Industrial de Santander
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v45n2-2023002

Published 2023-06-15

Keywords

  • Santander Massif,
  • Eastern Ranges,
  • Magnetic Mineralogy,
  • Magnetite,
  • Hematite

How to Cite

Jiménez, G., & García, C. A. (2023). Magnetic mineralogy of Jurassic rocks in the Eastern Cordillera, Colombia. Boletín De Geología, 45(2), 35–49. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v45n2-2023002

Copyright (c) 2023 Boletín de Geología

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Altmetrics

Abstract

We report magnetic mineralogy from Triassic to Lower Cretaceous of volcano-sedimentary and continental sedimentary sequences in the Santander Massif and the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia. A total of 44 samples were distributed in the Noreán and Jordán formations, and the Girón Group located in the Santander Massif and west flank of the Eastern Cordillera and the Palermo, Montebel, and Russia formations located in the Arcabuco Anticlinorium in the axial zone of the Eastern Cordillera. Three experiments were carried out, the isothermal remanent magnetization, thermal demagnetization of the three components of isothermal remanent magnetization, and the temperature versus magnetic susceptibility thermomagnetic curves. The results show units from the Triassic to the Middle Jurassic are characterized by the contribution of detrital magnetite and locally the contribution of pyrrhotite in the Montebel Formation. The Upper Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous, Giron Group is characterized by a magnetic mineralogy dominated by ilmenite-hematite and the absence of detrital magnetite. Compositional differences in detrital magnetite could be associated with the distance from the source area, climate, and the velocity of the flow.

PDF (Español (España))

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

  1. Alarcón, C.M.; Clavijo-Torres, J.; Mantilla-Figueroa, L.C.; Rodríguez, J.G. (2020). Nueva propuesta de edades para el registro sedimentario de las formaciones Bocas y Jordán y su relación con el desarrollo de la actividad magmática del Grupo Plutónico de Santander (Cordillera Oriental Colombia). Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, 44(173), 1137-1151. https://doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1208
  2. Ayala-Calvo, R.C.; Veloza-Fajardo, G.E.; Bayona, G.; Gómez-Casallas, M.; Rapalini, A.E.; Costanzo-Álvarez, V.; Aldana, M.; Cortés, M. (2005). Paleomagnetismo y mineralogía magnética en las unidades del Mesozoico de Bucaramanga y macizo de Floresta. Geología Colombiana, 30, 49-66.
  3. Badesab, F.; Gaikwad, V.; Nagender-Nath, B.; Venkateshwarlu, M.; Aiswarya, P.V.; Tyagi, A.; Salunke, K.; Fernandes, W.; Kadam, N.; Sangode, S.J.; Sardar, A.; Prabhu, G. (2021). Controls of contrasting provenance and fractionation on the sediment magnetic records from the Bay of Bengal. Marine Geology, 437, 106515. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.margeo.2021.106515
  4. Bayona, G.; Silva, C.; Rapalini, A.E.; Costanzo-Álvarez, V.; Aldana, M.; Roncancio, J. (2005). Paleomagnetismo y mineralogía magnética en rocas de la Formación Saldaña y unidades cretácicas suprayacentes en la parte norte del Valle Superior del Magdalena, Colombia. Boletín de Geología, 27(2), 69-85.
  5. Bayona, G.; Rapalini, A.; Costanzo-Álvarez, V. (2006). Paleomagnetism in Mesozoic rocks of the northern Andes and its implications in Mesozoic tectonics of northwestern South America. Earth, Planets, and Space, 58, 1255-1272. https://doi.org/10.1186/BF03352621
  6. Bayona, G.; Jiménez, G.; Silva, C.; Cardona, A.; Montes, C.; Roncancio, J.; Cordani, U. (2010). Paleomagnetic data and K-Ar ages from Mesozoic units of the Santa Marta massif: A preliminary interpretation for block rotation and translations. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 29(4), 817-831. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2009.10.005
  7. Bayona, G.; Bustamante, C.; Nova, G.; Salazar-Franco, A.M. (2020). Jurassic evolution of the northwestern corner of Gondwana: Present knowledge and future challenges in studying Colombian Jurassic rocks. En: J. Gómez, A.O. Pinilla-Pachon (eds). The Geology of Colombia (pp. 171-207). Servicio Geológico Colombiano. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.05
  8. Booth, C.A.; Walden, J.; Neal, A.; Smith, J.P. (2005). Use of mineral magnetic concentration data as a particle size proxy: a case study using marine, estuarine and fluvial sediments in the Carmarthen Bay area, South Wales, U.K. Science of the Total Environment, 347(1-3), 241-253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.042
  9. Brueckner, W.D. (1954). Note on some fossils from the Girón group in the Río Lebrija valley, department of Santander, Colombia. Journal of Paleontology, 28(1), 112-113.
  10. Castillo, J.; Gose, W.A.; Perarnau, A. (1991). Paleomagnetic results from Mesozoic strata in the Mérida Andes, Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 96(B4), 6011-6022. https://doi.org/10.1029/90JB02282
  11. Cediel, F. (1968). El Grupo Girón, una molasa Mesozoica de la Cordillera Oriental. Boletín Geológico, 16(1-3), 5-96. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol16.1-3.1968.108
  12. Cediel, F.; Shaw, R.P.; Cáceres, C. (2003). Tectonic assembly of the Northern Andean Block. In: C. Bartollini, R.T. Buffler, J.F. Blickwede (eds.). The Circum-Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean: Hydrocarbon Habitats, Basin Formation and Plate Tectonics (pp. 815-848). American Association of Petroleum Geologists Memoir 79. https://doi.org/10.1306/M79877C37
  13. Correa-Martínez, A.M.; Rodríguez, G.; Arango, M.I.; Zapata-García, G. (2019). Petrografía, geoquímica y geocronología U-Pb de las rocas volcánicas y piroclásticas de la Formación Noreán al NW del Macizo de Santander, Colombia. Boletín de Geología, 41(1), 29-54. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v41n1-2019002
  14. Dekkers, M.J. (2001). Rockmagnetism and Paleomagnetism. Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems. 2, 1-3.
  15. Duan, Z.; Liu, Q.; Yang, X.; Gao, X.; Su, Y. (2014). Magnetism of the Huguangyan Maar Lake sediments, Southeast China and its paleoenvironmental implications. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 395, 158-167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.12.033
  16. Etayo-Serna, F.; Rodríguez, G. (1985). Edad de la Formación Los Santos. En: F. Etayo-Serna; F. Laverde-Montaño (eds.). Proyecto Cretácico (pp. XXVI-1-XXVI-13). INGEOMINAS, No. 16.
  17. Etayo-Serna, F. (1989). Análisis facial del inicio del avance marino del Cretácico en la región SW del Macizo de Santander. V Congreso Colombiano de Geología, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
  18. Florindo, F.; Zhu, R.; Guo, B.; Yue, L.; Pan, Y.; Speranza, F. (1999). Magnetic proxy climate results from the Duanjiapo loess section, southernmost extremity of the Chinese Loess Plateau. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 104(B1), 645-659, https://doi.org/10.1029/1998JB900001
  19. Gómez-Cruz, A.J.; Bermúdez, H.D.; Vega, F.J. (2015). A new species of Diaulax Bell, 1863 (Brachyura: Dialucidae) in the Early Cretaceous of the Rosablanca Formation, Colombia. Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana, 67(1), 103-112. https://doi.org/10.18268/BSGM2015v67n1a8
  20. Gómez-Tapias, J.; Núñez-Tello, A.; Mateus-Zabala, D.; Alcárcel-Gutiérrez, F.A.; Lasso-Muñoz, R.M.; Marín-Rincón, E.; Marroquín-Gómez M.P. (2020). Physiographic and geological setting of the Colombian territory. In: J. Gómez, D. Mateus-Zabala (eds.). The Geology of Colombia (pp. 1-34). Volume1, Chapter 1. Servicio Geológico Colombiano. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.35.2019.01
  21. Guerrero, J.; Mejía-Molina, A.; Osorno, J. (2020). Detrital U-Pb provenance, mineralogy, and geochemistry of the Cretaceous Colombian back–arc basin. In: J. Gómez, A.O. Pinilla-Pachon (eds.). The Geology of Colombia (pp. 279-315). Servicio Geológico Colombiano, vol. 2, chapter 8. https://doi.org/10.32685/pub.esp.36.2019.08
  22. Hedberg, H.D. (1931). Standard stratigraphic section of the department of Santander, Colombia (inédito): Venezuela Gulf Oil Company.
  23. Horton, B.K.; Parra, M.; Saylor, J.E.; Nie, J.; Mora, A.; Torres, V.; Stockli, D.F.; Strecker, M.R. (2010). Resolving uplift of the northern Andes using detrital zircon age signatures. GSA Today, 20(7), 4-10. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSATG76A.1
  24. Horton, B.K.; Anderson, V.J.; Caballero, V.; Saylor, J.E.; Nie, J.; Parra, M.; Mora, A. (2015). Application of detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology to surface and subsurface correlations of provenance, paleodrainage, and tectonics of the Middle Magdalena Valley Basin of Colombia. Geosphere, 11(6), 1790-1811. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01251.1
  25. Hrouda, F. (1982). Magnetic anisotropy of rocks and its application in geology and geophysics. Geophysical Surveys, 5(1), 37-82. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01450244
  26. Jiménez, G.; García-Delgado, H.; Geissman, J.W. (2021). Magnetostratigraphy and magnetic properties of the Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous Girón Group (northern Andes, Colombia). Geosphere, 17(6), 2172-2196. https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02186.1
  27. Jiménez, G.; Geissman, J.W.; Bayona, G. (2022). Unraveling tectonic inversion and wrench deformation in the Eastern Cordillera (Northern Andes) with paleomagnetic and AMS data. Tectonophysics, 834, 229356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2022.229356
  28. Langenheim, J.H. (1960). Late Paleozoic and Early Mesozoic plant fossils from the Cordillera Oriental of Colombia and correlation of the Girón Formation. Boletín Geológico, 8(1-3), 95-132. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol8.1-3.1960.371
  29. Laverde, F. (1985). La Formación Los Santos: Un depósito continental anterior al ingreso marino del Cretácico. En: F. Etayo-Serna; F. Laverde- Montaño (eds.). Proyecto Cretácico (pp. XX-1- XX-12). INGEOMINAS, No. 16.
  30. Laverde, F.; Clavijo, J. (1985). La Formación Los Santos: Análisis facial de la Formación Los Santos, según e corte “Tu y Yo” (Zapatoca). En: F. Etayo-Serna; F. Laverde-Montaño (eds.). Proyecto Cretácico (pp. VI-1-VI-13). INGEOMINAS, No. 16.
  31. Liu, Q.; Deng, C.; Yu, Y.; Torrent, J.; Jackson, M.J.; Banerjee, S.K.; Zhu, R. (2005). Temperature dependence of magnetic susceptibility in an argon environment: Implications for pedogenesis of Chinese loess/palaeosols. Geophysical Journal International, 161(1), 102-112. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02564.x
  32. Lowrie, W. (1990). Identification of ferromagnetic minerals in a rock by coercivity and unblocking temperature properties. Geophysical Research Letters, 17(2), 159-162. https://doi.org/10.1029/GL017i002p00159
  33. McElhinny, M.W.; McFadden, P.L. (2000). Paleomagnetism, Continents and Oceans. Academic Press. International Geophysics Series, San Diego. 73, 382 p.
  34. Mojica, J.; Kammer, A. (1995). Eventos Jurásicos en Colombia. Geología Colombiana, 19, 165-172.
  35. Morales, L.G. (1958). General geology and oil occurrences at Middle Magdalena Valley, Colombia. In: L.G. Weeks (ed.). Habitat of Oil (pp. 641-695). AAPG.
  36. Morón, S.; Fox, D.L.; Feinberg, J.M.; Jaramillo, C.; Bayona, G.; Montes, C.; Bloch, J.I. (2013). Climate change during the Early Paleogene in the Bogotá Basin (Colombia) inferred from paleosol carbon isotope stratigraphy, major oxides, and environmental magnetism. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 388, 115-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2013.08.010
  37. Nova, G.; Montaño, P.; Bayona, G.; Rapalini, A.; Montes, C. (2012). Paleomagnetismo en rocas del Jurásico y Cretácico inferior en el flanco occidental de la Serranía del Perijá; contribuciones a la evolución tectónica del NW de Suramérica. Boletín de Geología, 34(2), 117-138.
  38. Nova, G.; Bayona-Chaparro, G.A.; Silva-Tamayo, J.C.; Cardona, A.; Rapalini, A.; Montaño-Cortés, P.C.; Eisenhauer, A.; Dussan, K.T.; Valencia, V.A.; Ramírez, V.; Montes, C. (2019). Jurassic break-up of the Peri-Gondwanan margin in northern Colombia: Basin formation and implications for terrane transfer. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 89, 92-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2018.11.014
  39. Ogg, J.G.; Ogg, G.M.; Gradstein, F.M. (2016). A Concise Geologic Time Scale: 2016. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/C2009-0-64442-1
  40. Oldfield, F.; Maher, B.A.; Donoghue, J.; Pierce, J. (1985). Particle-size related, mineral magnetic source sediment linkages in the Rhode River catchment, Maryland, USA. Journal of the Geological Society, 142(6), 1035-1046. https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.142.6.1035
  41. Osorio-Afanador, D.; Velandia, F. (2021). Late Jurassic syn-extensional sedimentary deposition and Cenozoic basin inversion as recorded in The Girón Formation, northern Andes of Colombia. Andean Geology, 48(2), 237-266. https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV48n2-3264
  42. Pons, D. (1982). Études paléobotanique et palynologique de la Formation Girón (Jurassique moyen–Crétacé inférieur) dans la région de Lebrija, département de Santander, Colombie. 107 Congrès National des Sociétés Savants, Brest, Francia.
  43. Rojas, A.; Sandy, M.R. (2019). Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) brachiopods from the Rosablanca Formation, Colombia, South America: Biostratigraphic significance and paleogeographic implications. Cretaceous Research, 96, 184-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2018.12.011
  44. Spikings, R.; Cochrane, R.; Villagómez, D.; Van der Lelij, R.; Vallejo, C.; Winkler, W.; Beate, B. (2015). The geological history of northwestern South America: From Pangaea to the early collision of the Caribbean Large Igneous Province (290–75 Ma). Gondwana Research, 27(1), 95-139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2014.06.004
  45. Ward, D.E.; Goldsmith, R.; Cruz, J.; Restrepo, H. (1973). Geología de los cuadrángulos H–12, Bucaramanga y H–13 Pamplona, Departamento de Santander. Boletín Geológico, 21(1-3), 1-132. https://doi.org/10.32685/0120-1425/bolgeol21.1-3.1973.383