Boletín de Geología

Vol. 47 No. 1 (2025): Boletín de Geología
Artículos científicos

Exploration methods and geothermal systems in Colombia with emphasis on the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Valle de Nereidas geothermal Project

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Material Suplementario 1 (Español (España)) Material Suplementario 2 (Español (España))
  • Luis Alvaro Botero-Gómez,
  • Hugo Murcia,
  • John J. Sánchez,
  • Martha Gabriela Gómez-Vasconcelos,
  • Julián López Palacio
Luis Alvaro Botero-Gómez
Universidad de Caldas
Hugo Murcia
Universidad de Caldas
John J. Sánchez
Universidad Nacional de Colombia
Martha Gabriela Gómez-Vasconcelos
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo
Julián López Palacio
Central Hidroeléctrica de Caldas
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v47n1-2025003

Published 2025-05-06

Keywords

  • Renewable energy,
  • Geothermal prospecting,
  • Energy resources

How to Cite

Botero-Gómez, L. A., Murcia, H., Sánchez, J. J. ., Gómez-Vasconcelos, M. G., & López Palacio, J. (2025). Exploration methods and geothermal systems in Colombia with emphasis on the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, Valle de Nereidas geothermal Project. Boletín De Geología, 47(1), 63–91. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v47n1-2025003

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Abstract

Geothermal conceptual models generally comprise four essential elements in convective geothermal systems: a heat source, a reservoir, a fluid source, and an impermeable rock. A comprehensive geothermal model is developed based on the available data at a given stage, which involves various studies such as geophysical surveys, heat anomaly mapping, geological analysis, and hydrochemical assessments. In Colombia, geothermal resources are predominantly associated with the active volcanic arc along the Central Cordillera, although non-volcanic areas also hold potential. The main application of geothermal energy in the country has been low-enthalpy systems, primarily for balneology and ecotourism. However, exploration efforts are currently underway to identify medium- to high-enthalpy systems with potential for electricity generation. This work outlines common methods in geothermal exploration and highlights the exploration progress in Colombia, with emphasis on the Nevado del Ruiz volcano as a case study for geothermal energy use. Additionally, this work demonstrates how in the most advanced project in the country, the Valle de Nereidas, on the western flank of the Nevado del Ruiz volcano, thermal springs have led to a high-enthalpy geothermal project. These hot springs are related to an increase in permeability in the rocks, associated with the interaction of fault systems in a NW-SE direction that are intersected by regional N-S faults such as the San Jerónimo fault. The circulation pattern of geothermal fluids in the area of interest is proposed to follow the SEE to the NWW, according to the structural pattern of the area related to the Nereidas-Río Claro fault system.

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