Volcanoes in Colombia and their representation in diverse contexts

Abstract

There are an important number of volcanoes in Colombia, which, for centuries, have been viewed as symbols but not as hazards, and this has demonstrated to be troublesome in times of crisis. Observations of different ways of representation of the concept of volcano in Colombia are reported. More than 228 observations were compiled during field outings and by means of systematic queries using search engines and electronic mail during the period 2010-2017, keeping graphic evidence of all cases. It was found that 19 volcanoes (both active and inactive) have been represented in 28 contexts in 71 localities mainly surrounding the influence areas of volcanism. Representations may have variable spatial character: local, regional or national; or may exhibit varying temporal nature: ephemeral, such as the cases of murals, commercial signs and logos, or last for centuries because they are included in the symbols of administrative units as in the case of coats of arms of municipalities and provinces. Representations are important because they reflect sense of belonging of the communities towards their environment, imprint the concept of volcano in the collective imagination, and might influence the perception of volcanic hazards and the decision-making process during times of volcanic crisis.