Artículos
Publicado 2020-03-09
Palabras clave
- mineral de hierro con alto contenido de fósforo,
- lixiviación ácida,
- defosforización química,
- tratamiento térmico,
- lixiviación estática
Cómo citar
Molina, M. A., Delvasto, P., & Ballester-Pérez, A. (2020). Defosforización de minerales de hierro a través de lixiviación ácida en medio estático. Revista UIS Ingenierías, 19(2), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v19n2-2020006
Derechos de autor 2020 Revista UIS Ingenierías
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Resumen
Se estudió en columnas de percolación la defosforización de dos minerales de hierro, provenientes de Brasil y de Venezuela, utilizando HCl 0,6 M como agente de lixiviación. Además, se estudió el efecto de un tratamiento térmico previo realizado a 900 ° C durante 1 hora. Los minerales se caracterizaron antes de la lixiviación por fluorescencia de rayos X (XRF), difracción de rayos X (XRD) y porosimetría. En las soluciones restantes, se midió el pH y se determinaron Fe y P mediante espectroscopía de absorción atómica (AAS) y espectroscopía ultravioleta-visible (UV-Vis), respectivamente. Los minerales lixiviados se caracterizaron químicamente por XRF. Se encontró que la defosforización fue particularmente efectiva en el caso de los minerales tratados térmicamente, como resultado de los cambios estructurales registrados que facilitaron la lixiviación de fósforo. La tasa de defosforización fue 23 veces mayor en el mineral brasileño tratado térmicamente y 262 veces en caso del venezolano tratado térmicamente.
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Referencias
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[29] D. Zhu, H. Wang, J. Pan, y C. Yang, “Influence of Mechanical Activation on Acid Leaching Dephosphorization of High-phosphorus Iron Ore Concentrates”, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 661–668, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1016/S1006-706X(16)30103-0
[2] A. C. Pereira y R. M. Papini, “Processes for phosphorus removal from iron ore - A review”, Rev. Esc. Minas, vol. 68, no. 3, pp. 331–335, Jul. 2015, doi: 10.1590/0370-44672014680202
[3] A. Sue y G. Schajer, Handbook of Residual Stress and Deformation of Steel, Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International, 2002.
[4] M. A. Tayeb, S. Spooner, y S. Sridhar, “Phosphorus: The Noose of Sustainability and Renewability in Steelmaking”, JOM, vol. 66, no. 9, pp. 1565–1571, Sep. 2014, doi: 10.1007/s11837-014-1093-x
[5] K. Quast, “A review on the characterisation and processing of oolitic iron ores”, Miner. Eng., vol. 126, pp. 89–100, Sep. 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2018.06.018
[6] M. Muhammed y Y. Zhang, “A hydrometallurgical process for the dephosphorization of iron ore”, Hydrometallurgy, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 277–292, May 1989, doi: 10.1016/0304-386X(89)90002-9
[7] S. Matsuo, R. Ikeda y S. Inaga, “Method of dephosphorising ore”, Patente CRL/T 13278, 1980.
[8] Y. Jin, T. Jiang, Y. Yang, Q. Li, G. Li, y Y. Guo, “Removal of phosphorus from iron ores by chemical leaching”, J. Cent. South Univ. Technol., vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 673–677, Dic. 2006, doi: 10.1007/s11771-006-0003-y
[9] W. Xia, Z. Ren, y Y. Gao, “Removal of Phosphorus From High Phosphorus Iron Ores by Selective HCl Leaching Method”, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 1–4, May 2011, doi: 10.1016/S1006-706X(11)60055-1
[10] Y. Zhang y M. Muhammed, “The removal of phosphorus from iron ore by leaching with nitric acid”, Hydrometallurgy, vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 255–275, May 1989, doi: 10.1016/0304-386X(89)90001-7
[11] R. D. Dukino, B. M. England, y M. Kneeshaw, “Phosphorus distribution in BIF-derived iron ores of Hamersley Province, Western Australia”, Appl. Earth Sci., vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 168–176, Dec. 2000, doi: 10.1179/aes.2000.109.3.168
[12] L. Zhang, R. Machiela, P. Das, M. Zhang, y T. Eisele, “Dephosphorization of unroasted oolitic ores through alkaline leaching at low temperature”, Hydrometallurgy, vol. 184, pp. 95–102, Mar. 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.12.023
[13] C. Y. Cheng, V. N. Misra, J. Clough, y R. Muni, “Dephosphorisation of western australian iron ore by hydrometallurgical process”, Miner. Eng., vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1083–1092, Sep. 1999, doi: 10.1016/S0892-6875(99)00093-X
[14] B. L. Levintov, V. A. Mirko, M. D. Kantemirov, A. N. Klimushkin, V. A. Naidenov, y A. V. Bobir, “Structure of oolitic brown iron ores and their influence on the thermochemical enrichment of Lisakovsk concentrates”, Steel Transl., vol. 37, no. 8, pp. 681–685, Aug. 2007, doi: 10.3103/S0967091207080086
[15] G. Li, S. Zhang, M. Rao, Y. Zhang, y T. Jiang, “Effects of sodium salts on reduction roasting and Fe–P separation of high-phosphorus oolitic hematite ore”, Int. J. Miner. Process., vol. 124, pp. 26–34, Nov. 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2013.07.006
[16] M. Rao, C. Ouyang, G. Li, S. Zhang, Y. Zhang, y T. Jiang, “Behavior of phosphorus during the carbothermic reduction of phosphorus-rich oolitic hematite ore in the presence of Na2SO4”, Int. J. Miner. Process., vol. 143, pp. 72–79, Oct. 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.minpro.2015.09.002
[17] C. Xu, T. Sun, J. Kou, Y. Li, X. Mo, y L. Tang, “Mechanism of phosphorus removal in beneficiation of high phosphorous oolitic hematite by direct reduction roasting with dephosphorization agent”, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China, vol. 22, no. 11, pp. 2806–2812, Nov. 2012, doi: 10.1016/S1003-6326(11)61536-7
[18] Minería Química ITGE. España: Instituto Tecnológico Geominero, 1991.
[19] P. Palacios, L. De Los Santos, A. Bustamante y J. González, “Estudio de la deshidroxilación en el óxido férrico hidratado denominado limonita”, Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú, vol. 78, no 3, pp. 198-207, 2012.
[20] F. Feret, "Mining: Mineral Ores and Products", en Industrial Applications of X-Ray Diffraction, F. Chung and D. Smith, Eds., Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 1999, pp. 385-413.
[21] A. P. Barbour, “Distrubution of Phosphorus in the Iron Ore Deposits Of Itabira,Minas Gerais,Brazil”, Econ. Geol., vol. 68, no. 1, pp. 52–64, 1973, doi: 10.2113/gsecongeo.68.1.52
[22] A. P. L. Nunes, C. L. L. Pinto, G. E. S. Valadão, y P. R. de M. Viana, “Floatability studies of wavellite and preliminary results on phosphorus removal from a Brazilian iron ore by froth flotation”, Miner. Eng., vol. 39, pp. 206–212, Dic. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.mineng.2012.06.004
[23] G. Peixoto, “Improvement of the reduction process in P content and other gangues in iron ore and its agglomerates”, Patente 93/10271, 27-May- 1991.
[24] A. Pavese, G. Artioli, y S. Hull, “In situ powder neutron diffraction of cation partitioning vs. pressure in Mg (sub 0.94) Al (sub 2.04) O 4 synthetic spinel”, Am. Mineral., vol. 84, no. 5–6, pp. 905–912, Jun. 1999, doi: 10.2138/am-1999-5-625
[25] C. J. Goss, “The kinetics and reaction mechanism of the goethite to hematite transformation”, Mineral. Mag., vol. 51, no. 361, pp. 437–451, Sep. 1987, doi: 10.1180/minmag.1987.051.361.11
[26] O. Sequera y R. Ramírez, “Fósforo, calcio y azufre disponibles de la roca fosfórica acidulada con ácido sulfúrico y tiosulfato de amonio”, Interciencia, vol. 28, no. 10, pp. 604-610+563, 2003.
[27] P. K. Narayanaswamy, “The α-β transformation in quartz”, Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. - Sect. A, vol. 28, no. 5, p. 417, Nov. 1948, doi: 10.1007/BF03170805
[28] L. Longa-Avello, C. Pereyra-Zerpa, J. A. Casal-Ramos, y P. Delvasto, “Study of the calcination process of two limonitic iron ores between 250°C and 950°C”, Rev. Fac. Ing., vol. 26, no. 45, pp. 33–45, 2017.
[29] D. Zhu, H. Wang, J. Pan, y C. Yang, “Influence of Mechanical Activation on Acid Leaching Dephosphorization of High-phosphorus Iron Ore Concentrates”, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., vol. 23, no. 7, pp. 661–668, Jul. 2016, doi: 10.1016/S1006-706X(16)30103-0