Revista UIS Ingenierías

Vol. 21 Núm. 2 (2022): Revista UIS Ingenierías
Artículos

Obtención de biodiésel por transesterificación in situ a partir de semillas de Jatropha curcas L.

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  • Edward Enrique Gomez-Delgado,
  • Debora Alcida Nabarlatz,
  • Fredy Augusto Avellaneda-Vargas
Edward Enrique Gomez-Delgado
Universidad de Buenos Aires
Debora Alcida Nabarlatz
Universidad Industrial de Santander
Biografía
Fredy Augusto Avellaneda-Vargas
Universidad Industrial de Santander
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v21n2-2022003

Publicado 2022-03-15

Palabras clave

  • Biocombustibles,
  • Biodiésel,
  • Transesterificación in-situ,
  • Jatropha Curcas L.,
  • bioenergía,
  • combustible,
  • diseño experimental,
  • extracción reactiva,
  • FAME,
  • superficie de respuesta
    • ...Más
    Menos

Cómo citar

Gomez-Delgado, E. E. ., Nabarlatz, D. A. ., & Avellaneda-Vargas, F. A. (2022). Obtención de biodiésel por transesterificación in situ a partir de semillas de Jatropha curcas L. Revista UIS Ingenierías, 21(2), 21–38. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v21n2-2022003

Derechos de autor 2022 Revista UIS Ingenierías

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Resumen

Una desventaja del uso de biodiésel es su precio, debido a los altos costos de la materia prima y al acondicionamiento del aceite requerido para obtenerlo por medio de una transesterificación tradicional, lo que le impide alcanzar precios más accesibles y dificulta su competitividad con el diésel de petróleo. Por esta razón, se investigó una alternativa para la obtención de biodiésel mediante transesterificación in situ o extracción reactiva (ER) a partir de semillas de Jatropha curcas L. Con esta alternativa en auge, que no compite con el mercado alimenticio, se busca reducir etapas en el proceso de producción y así disminuir costos de operación respecto al método y aceites convencionales. Se determinó la influencia de la temperatura, concentración másica de catalizador (g NaOH/g aceite) y relación molar metanol:aceite, con el fin de maximizar el rendimiento y la concentración de FAME del biodiésel obtenido, mediante un diseño experimental central compuesto (DCC) con método de superficie de respuesta. Se encontró que las condiciones más apropiadas para la obtención de biodiésel por transesterificación in situ fueron una temperatura de reacción de 44 °C, con una concentración másica de catalizador respecto al aceite de 1,2 g NaOH/100 g aceite y una relación molar metanol:aceite de 135:1, con presencia de hexano, manteniendo constantes la velocidad de agitación (635 rpm) y el tiempo de reacción (3 h). En estas condiciones, se alcanza un rendimiento de 71,99 % p/p (g biodiésel/g aceite) y un contenido de FAME del 90,36 % p/p (g FAME/g biodiésel). Los resultados de este estudio establecen las bases para una alternativa al proceso tradicional que no necesita las etapas de extracción y pretratamiento de los aceites utilizados como materia prima, además de disminuir los lavados necesarios en el proceso convencional, que incrementan los costos de dicho proceso industrial e impactan en el medioambiente.

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