Revista UIS Ingenierías

Vol. 23 Núm. 2 (2024): Revista UIS Ingenierías
Artículos

Manufactura aditiva de materiales basados en suelos: estado actual y perspectivas futuras de esta tecnología de construcción amigable con el ambiente

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  • Nathalia Conde-Caicedo ,
  • Mónica A. Villaquirán-Caicedo ,
  • Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez
Nathalia Conde-Caicedo
Universidad del Valle
Mónica A. Villaquirán-Caicedo
Universidad del Valle
Ruby Mejía de Gutiérrez
Universidad del Valle
DOI: https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v23n2-2024006

Publicado 2024-06-24

Palabras clave

  • manufactura aditiva,
  • impresión 3D de suelos,
  • materiales basados en tierra,
  • adobe,
  • cob

Cómo citar

Conde-Caicedo , N. ., Villaquirán-Caicedo , M. A. ., & Mejía de Gutiérrez , R. . (2024). Manufactura aditiva de materiales basados en suelos: estado actual y perspectivas futuras de esta tecnología de construcción amigable con el ambiente . Revista UIS Ingenierías, 23(2), 91–110. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v23n2-2024006

Derechos de autor 2024 Revista UIS Ingenierías

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-SinDerivadas 4.0.

Resumen

En los últimos años, se ha generado gran interés en la construcción sostenible, lo que ha llevado a un mayor interés en la impresión 3D o manufactura aditiva. Sin embargo, el uso de esta técnica con materiales convencionales no es suficiente para disminuir el gran impacto ambiental que genera el sector de la construcción. Aunque la mayoría de las investigaciones y avances están centralizadas en la impresión 3D de concreto Portland, esta revisión se ha trabajado orientada hacia la impresión 3D de materiales de construcción basados en suelos y arcillas, los con los cuales se puede proporcionar un enfoque asequible (ya que es un material localmente disponible en muchas regiones del planeta), sostenible ambientalmente, y con bajo costo, lo cual es altamente beneficioso para la construcción de viviendas. Este documento se ha orientado hacia la búsqueda de literatura científica y prototipos que se han elaborado utilizando materiales ancestrales, como son suelos-arcillas-arena-fibras como paja y agua, para elaboración de piezas constructivas tipo muros o adobes impresos en 3D. El objetivo de este documento es cerrar la brecha sobre la utilización de mezclas basadas en suelos, que, aunque parezcan totalmente estudiadas por varios siglos, a la fecha su aplicación en impresión 3D es reducida. Reajustes en propiedades de las mezclas de suelos como la fluidez para el bombeo o extrusión, edificabilidad y buen tiempo de trabajo, son variables que se reportan en este documento. Además, en esta revisión se describen las mezclas que han sido desarrolladas para impresión 3D a partir de suelos y arcillas, y las principales características que se han encontrado. Finalmente, se presentan los desafíos que aún persisten para que las mezclas puedan aplicarse a una escala industrial masiva.

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