Artículos
Publicado 2018-03-15
Palabras clave
- Clarificación,
- coagulación,
- floculación,
- sedimentación,
- turbidez
Cómo citar
Meza-Leones, M., Riaños-Donado, K., Mercado-Martínez, I., Olivero-Verbel, R., & Jurado-Eraso, M. (2018). Evaluación del poder coagulante del sulfato de aluminio y las semillas de Moringa oleífera en el proceso de clarificación del agua de la ciénaga de Malambo-Atlántico. Revista UIS Ingenierías, 17(2), 95–104. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v17n2-2018009
Resumen
El poder coagulante que tiene la semilla de Moringa oleífera fue evaluado y comparado con la sustancia química más utilizada en el ámbito mundial en los procesos de clarificación de aguas, sulfato de aluminio. Se realizó un muestreo simple del agua de la ciénaga de Malambo, Atlántico, registrando sus características iniciales. Mediante el test de jarras, se simuló un proceso de clarificación y se observó la reducción de turbidez que se obtuvo con cada coagulante. Se concluyó que el sulfato de aluminio disminuye la turbidez en un 96 %, mientras que las semillas de Moringa oleífera reducen este mismo parámetro en un 64 %. Por su baja toxicidad, este coagulante natural es una alternativa para reemplazar parcialmente al sulfato de aluminio.
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Referencias
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G. Muthuraman , S. Sasikala, “Removal of turbidity from drinking water using natural coagulants”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 4, pp 1727-1731. Jul 2014.
T.P. Flaton, “Aluminium as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease, with emphasis on drinking water”, Brain Research Bulletin, vol. 55, no. 2, pp 187-96. May 2001.
V. Rondeau, et al., “Aluminum and silica in drinking water and the risk of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline: findings from 15-year follow-up of the PAQUID cohort”, American Journal Epidemiology, vol. 169, no. 4, pp 489-96. Feb 2009.
V. Melo Oliveira, et al., “Aluminium sulfate exposure: A set of effects on hydrolases from brain, muscle and digestive tract of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)”, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, vol. 191, pp. 101-108, Ene 2017.
S. Poddar, G. Talukder, A. Sharma, “Chromosome Damage Induced by Ferric Chloride in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes”, International Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 4, pp 261-264, Jun 2004.
M. Djouina, et al., “Toxicological consequences of experimental exposure to aluminum in human intestinal epitelial cells”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 91, pp. 108, 116, Mar 2016.
M.A. Aboulhassana, et al., “Improvement of paint effluents coagulation using natural and synthetic coagulant aids”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 40-45, Nov 2006.
N. Fuentes Molina, E.J. Molina Rodríguez, C. P. Ariza, “Coagulantes naturales en sistemas de flujo continuo, como sustituto del Al2(SO4)3 para clarificación de aguas”, Producción + Limpia, vol. 11, no. 2, pp 41-54. Jul 2016.
M. Pritcharda, et al., “A comparison between Moringa oleifera and chemical coagulants in the purification of drinking water – An alternative sustainable solution for developing countries,” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, vol. 35, no. 13-14, pp. 798-805, Dec 2010.
A. Duke, “Moringa olifera lam”, Handbook of Energy Crops. unpublished. Jun 1983[PDF]. Disponible en: https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Moringa_oleifera.html
W. Jasper, et al., “Nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves from two agro ecological zones in Ghana”, African Journal of Plant Science, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 65-71, Jan 2014.
J. Samia Al, “Using Moringa Seeds as Coagulants in Developing Countries”, Journal - American Water Works Association, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 43-50, Jun 1988[PDF]. Disponible en: https://www.awwa.org/publications/journal-awwa/abstract/articleid/12026.aspx
F.R. Morais, et al., “Storage and oxidation stability of commercial biodiesel using Moringa oleifera Lam as an antioxidant additive”, Fuel, vol. 203, pp. 627-632, Sep 2017.
J. L Rockwood, B. G. Anderson, D. A. Casamatta, “Potential uses of Moringa oleifera and an examination of antibiotic efficacy conferred by M. oleifera seed and leaf extracts using crude extraction techniques available to underserved indigenous populations”, International Journal of Phytotherapy Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 61-71, 2013.
T. Mutiara, et al., “Effect lactagogue moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam) powder in rats”, Journal of basic and applied scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 430-434, 2013.
C. Tiloke, A. Phulukdaree, A. Chuturgoon, “The antiproliferative effect of Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract on cancerous human alveolar epithelial cells”, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 13, pp. 226-233, Sep 2013.
S. M. Divi, R. Bellamkonda, S. K. Dasireddy, “Evaluation of antidiabetic and antihyperlipedemic potential of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera in fructose fed insulin resistant and STZ induced diabetic wistar rats: a comparative study”, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 67-72, Ene 2012.
J. Samia Al, “Simplified water treatment technologies for rural areas”, Documentation on Sustainable Agriculture Expanded, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 22-25, Jun 1988.
S.J. Stohs, M.J. Hartman, “Review of the safety and efficacy of Moringa oleifera”, Phytotherapy Ressearch, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 796-804, Jun 2015.
A. Alves, et al., “Protein fractionation of seeds of Moringa oleifera lam and its application in superficial water treatment”, Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 180, pp 114-124, Feb 2017.
I.M. Reck, et al., “Removal of tartrazine from aqueous solutions using adsorbents based on activated carbon and Moringa oleifera seeds”, Cleaner Production, vol. 171, pp. 85-97, Ene 2018.
W. Gardea, et al., “Application of Moringa Oleifera seed extract to treat coffee fermentation wastewater”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 329, pp. 102-109, Ene 2017.
S. Zeray Tesfay, et al., “Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) containing moringa plant extracts as new postharvest organic edible coating for Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit”, Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 226, pp. 201-207, Dic 2017.
M. E. Sengupta, et al., “Use of Moringa oleifera seed extracts to reduce helminth egg numbers and turbidity in irrigation water”, Water Research, vol. 46, no. 11, pp 3646-3656. Jul 2012.
Get a map. Ciénaga malambo/Atlántico. [PDF]. Disponible en: http://es.getamap.net/mapas/colombia/atlantico/_malambo_cienaga
Plan de ordenamiento y manejo de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Magdalena en el departamento del Atlántico, POMCA, 2007 [PDF]. Disponible en: https://www.car.gov.co/index.php?idcategoria=43372&download=Y¨.
J. Cogollo, “Clarificación de aguas usando coagulantes polimerizados: caso del hidroxicloruro de aluminio”, Dyna, Volumen 78, Número 165, p. 18-27, 2011.
C. Barajas, A. León, “Determinación de la dosis óptima de sulfato de aluminio (Al2(SO4)3 18H2O) en el proceso de coagulación - floculación para el tratamiento de agua potable por medio del uso de una red neuronal artificial”, Tesis de grado Ingenieria Ambiental, División de Ingenierias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia, 2015.
A. Cajigas, A. Pérez, P. Torres, “importancia del ph y la alcalinidad en el tratamiento anaerobio de las aguas residuales del proceso de extracción de almidón de yuca”, Scientia Et Technica, vol. XI, no. 27, pp. 243-248, Abr 2005.
Resolución por medio del cual se señalan características, instrumentos básicos y frecuencias de sistema de control y vigilancia de la calidad del agua para consumo humano. Resolución 2115, 2007.
J. Souza Freitas, et al., “Evaluation of using aluminum sulfate and water soluble Moringa oleifera seed lectin to reduce turbidity and toxicity of polluted stream water”, Chemosphere, vol. 163, pp. 133-141, Nov 2016.
R. Olivero, I. Mercado, L. Montes, “Remoción de la turbidez del agua del río Magdalena usando el mucílago del nopal Opuntia ficus-indica”, Producción + Limpia, vol. 8, no. 1, pp 19-21, Ene 2013.
M. Pritcharda, et al., “A study of the parameters affecting the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera in drinking water purification”, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, vol. 35, no. 13-14, pp. 791-797, Dic 2010.
T. Nkurunziza, et al., “The effect of turbidity levels and Moringa oleifera concentration on the effectiveness of coagulation in water treatment”, Water Science & Technology, vol. 59, pp. 1551–1558, Feb 2009.
G. Muthuraman , S. Sasikala, “Removal of turbidity from drinking water using natural coagulants”, Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, vol. 20, no. 4, pp 1727-1731. Jul 2014.
T.P. Flaton, “Aluminium as a risk factor in Alzheimer's disease, with emphasis on drinking water”, Brain Research Bulletin, vol. 55, no. 2, pp 187-96. May 2001.
V. Rondeau, et al., “Aluminum and silica in drinking water and the risk of Alzheimer's disease or cognitive decline: findings from 15-year follow-up of the PAQUID cohort”, American Journal Epidemiology, vol. 169, no. 4, pp 489-96. Feb 2009.
V. Melo Oliveira, et al., “Aluminium sulfate exposure: A set of effects on hydrolases from brain, muscle and digestive tract of juvenile Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)”, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, vol. 191, pp. 101-108, Ene 2017.
S. Poddar, G. Talukder, A. Sharma, “Chromosome Damage Induced by Ferric Chloride in Human Peripheral Lymphocytes”, International Journal of Human Genetics, vol. 4, pp 261-264, Jun 2004.
M. Djouina, et al., “Toxicological consequences of experimental exposure to aluminum in human intestinal epitelial cells”, Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol. 91, pp. 108, 116, Mar 2016.
M.A. Aboulhassana, et al., “Improvement of paint effluents coagulation using natural and synthetic coagulant aids”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 40-45, Nov 2006.
N. Fuentes Molina, E.J. Molina Rodríguez, C. P. Ariza, “Coagulantes naturales en sistemas de flujo continuo, como sustituto del Al2(SO4)3 para clarificación de aguas”, Producción + Limpia, vol. 11, no. 2, pp 41-54. Jul 2016.
M. Pritcharda, et al., “A comparison between Moringa oleifera and chemical coagulants in the purification of drinking water – An alternative sustainable solution for developing countries,” Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, vol. 35, no. 13-14, pp. 798-805, Dec 2010.
A. Duke, “Moringa olifera lam”, Handbook of Energy Crops. unpublished. Jun 1983[PDF]. Disponible en: https://hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/duke_energy/Moringa_oleifera.html
W. Jasper, et al., “Nutrient composition of Moringa oleifera leaves from two agro ecological zones in Ghana”, African Journal of Plant Science, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 65-71, Jan 2014.
J. Samia Al, “Using Moringa Seeds as Coagulants in Developing Countries”, Journal - American Water Works Association, vol. 80, no. 6, pp. 43-50, Jun 1988[PDF]. Disponible en: https://www.awwa.org/publications/journal-awwa/abstract/articleid/12026.aspx
F.R. Morais, et al., “Storage and oxidation stability of commercial biodiesel using Moringa oleifera Lam as an antioxidant additive”, Fuel, vol. 203, pp. 627-632, Sep 2017.
J. L Rockwood, B. G. Anderson, D. A. Casamatta, “Potential uses of Moringa oleifera and an examination of antibiotic efficacy conferred by M. oleifera seed and leaf extracts using crude extraction techniques available to underserved indigenous populations”, International Journal of Phytotherapy Research, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 61-71, 2013.
T. Mutiara, et al., “Effect lactagogue moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam) powder in rats”, Journal of basic and applied scientific Research, vol. 3, no. 4, pp. 430-434, 2013.
C. Tiloke, A. Phulukdaree, A. Chuturgoon, “The antiproliferative effect of Moringa oleifera crude aqueous leaf extract on cancerous human alveolar epithelial cells”, BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, vol. 13, pp. 226-233, Sep 2013.
S. M. Divi, R. Bellamkonda, S. K. Dasireddy, “Evaluation of antidiabetic and antihyperlipedemic potential of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera in fructose fed insulin resistant and STZ induced diabetic wistar rats: a comparative study”, Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 67-72, Ene 2012.
J. Samia Al, “Simplified water treatment technologies for rural areas”, Documentation on Sustainable Agriculture Expanded, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 22-25, Jun 1988.
S.J. Stohs, M.J. Hartman, “Review of the safety and efficacy of Moringa oleifera”, Phytotherapy Ressearch, vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 796-804, Jun 2015.
A. Alves, et al., “Protein fractionation of seeds of Moringa oleifera lam and its application in superficial water treatment”, Separation and Purification Technology, vol. 180, pp 114-124, Feb 2017.
I.M. Reck, et al., “Removal of tartrazine from aqueous solutions using adsorbents based on activated carbon and Moringa oleifera seeds”, Cleaner Production, vol. 171, pp. 85-97, Ene 2018.
W. Gardea, et al., “Application of Moringa Oleifera seed extract to treat coffee fermentation wastewater”, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol. 329, pp. 102-109, Ene 2017.
S. Zeray Tesfay, et al., “Carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) containing moringa plant extracts as new postharvest organic edible coating for Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit”, Scientia Horticulturae, vol. 226, pp. 201-207, Dic 2017.
M. E. Sengupta, et al., “Use of Moringa oleifera seed extracts to reduce helminth egg numbers and turbidity in irrigation water”, Water Research, vol. 46, no. 11, pp 3646-3656. Jul 2012.
Get a map. Ciénaga malambo/Atlántico. [PDF]. Disponible en: http://es.getamap.net/mapas/colombia/atlantico/_malambo_cienaga
Plan de ordenamiento y manejo de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Magdalena en el departamento del Atlántico, POMCA, 2007 [PDF]. Disponible en: https://www.car.gov.co/index.php?idcategoria=43372&download=Y¨.
J. Cogollo, “Clarificación de aguas usando coagulantes polimerizados: caso del hidroxicloruro de aluminio”, Dyna, Volumen 78, Número 165, p. 18-27, 2011.
C. Barajas, A. León, “Determinación de la dosis óptima de sulfato de aluminio (Al2(SO4)3 18H2O) en el proceso de coagulación - floculación para el tratamiento de agua potable por medio del uso de una red neuronal artificial”, Tesis de grado Ingenieria Ambiental, División de Ingenierias, Universidad Santo Tomás, Bogotá, Colombia, 2015.
A. Cajigas, A. Pérez, P. Torres, “importancia del ph y la alcalinidad en el tratamiento anaerobio de las aguas residuales del proceso de extracción de almidón de yuca”, Scientia Et Technica, vol. XI, no. 27, pp. 243-248, Abr 2005.
Resolución por medio del cual se señalan características, instrumentos básicos y frecuencias de sistema de control y vigilancia de la calidad del agua para consumo humano. Resolución 2115, 2007.
J. Souza Freitas, et al., “Evaluation of using aluminum sulfate and water soluble Moringa oleifera seed lectin to reduce turbidity and toxicity of polluted stream water”, Chemosphere, vol. 163, pp. 133-141, Nov 2016.
R. Olivero, I. Mercado, L. Montes, “Remoción de la turbidez del agua del río Magdalena usando el mucílago del nopal Opuntia ficus-indica”, Producción + Limpia, vol. 8, no. 1, pp 19-21, Ene 2013.
M. Pritcharda, et al., “A study of the parameters affecting the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera in drinking water purification”, Physics and Chemistry of the Earth, vol. 35, no. 13-14, pp. 791-797, Dic 2010.
T. Nkurunziza, et al., “The effect of turbidity levels and Moringa oleifera concentration on the effectiveness of coagulation in water treatment”, Water Science & Technology, vol. 59, pp. 1551–1558, Feb 2009.