Methodology for Generating Solid Three-Dimensional Models from Computed Tomography Using Academic and Open-Source Software

Abstract

The integration of image processing techniques for the generation of three-dimensional biomodels has driven significant advancements in biomedical engineering. These models have key applications in numerical simulations, such as those based on the finite element method allowing detailed evaluation of mechanical and biological environments, as well as the prediction of tissue structural behavior. This article presents a methodological approach to transform medical images into three-dimensional solid models using open-access or academic software, enhancing their applicability in educational and research contexts. The procedure is structured into three main stages: volumetric model generation from DICOM files, model editing and conversion into a solid and basic numerical analysis. Five different approaches were evaluated based on criteria such as number of required steps, process complexity, processing time, computational resource demands, reliance on additional tools, program limitations, and ease of preprocessing for subsequent simulations. From the comparison, it was identified that the combination of 3D Slicer for biomodel generation and Fusion 360 for editing, solid conversion, and numerical preprocessing is the most efficient and accessible alternative. The relevance of this methodology lies in its ability to serve as an essential preliminary step for computational numerical studies focused on areas such as tissue mechanics, biomechanics, and orthopedics. By enabling the generation of precise and adaptable models, this tool facilitates the evaluation of the structural and mechanical behavior of tissues based on the FEM. Consequently, the proposed enhances research and the development of personalized solutions in clinical and academic applications. This approach minimizes reliance on complementary tools.