Articles
Large Eddy Simulation of Gas – Solid fluidized bed. Part I: The laboratorial scale reactor
Published 2018-01-09
Keywords
- Multiphase flow,
- CFD,
- fluidization,
- LES,
- RANS
How to Cite
González Silva, G., Prieto, N., & Mercado, I. (2018). Large Eddy Simulation of Gas – Solid fluidized bed. Part I: The laboratorial scale reactor. Revista UIS Ingenierías, 17(1), 93–104. https://doi.org/10.18273/revuin.v17n1-2018009
Abstract
The fluidized bed reactors are commonly used in the petrochemical industry, with applications in catalytic and non-catalytic processes. An important use of this technology includes the catalytic cracking, as well as the gasification of coal, biomass and solid waste. This work studied the fluid dynamics inside a lab scale fluidized bed, which was 1 meter long with 5 cm bed height. The study was carried out using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), including the use of Large Eddy Simulation methodology (LES), in addition to the use of a quasi-uniform computational grid, which was created before the micro scale turbulence calculation. Therefore, it was possible to describe the behavior of the particles at annulus of the unit, without the need of having a refined grid near the wall. This resulted in an improvement on the required calculation time compared to the simulations that use the RANS methodology. The simulation results showed good agreement with the data reported in literature.
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References
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A. Samuelsberg and B. H. Hjertager, “An experimental and numerical study of flow patterns in a circulating fluidized bed reactor,” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 575–591, Jun. 1996.
B. Vreman, B. Geurts, and J. Kuerten, “Large-eddy simulation of the turbulent mixing layer,” J. Fluid Mech., vol. 339, pp. 357–390, 1997.
F. K. Chow and P. Moin, “A further study of numerical errors in large-eddy simulations,” Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 184, no. 2, pp. 366–380, Jan. 2003.
M. J. Hodapp, “Modelagem e simulação de um leito fluidizado : um estudo comparativo,” Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2009.
M. M. Bello, A. A. Abdul Raman, and M. Purushothaman, “Applications of fluidized bed reactor in wastewater treatment – A review of the major design and operational parameters,” Journal of Cleaner Production, Jan, 2016.
A. G. Oblad, “The Contributions of Eugene J. Houdry to the Development of Catalytic Cracking,” in Heterogeneous Catalysis, vol. 222, 0 vols., American Chemical Society, 1983, pp. 61–75.
Z. Wang, “Houdry Cracking Process,” in Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010.
D. Y. P. B, S. A. D. S, and P. J. R. G, “Determinación de la corrosión en un Sistema CO2-H2S-Salmuera-Acero api 5L grado X65, utilizando un Electrodo de Cilindro Rotatorio,” Rev. UIS Ing., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 219–225, 2010.
F. J. V. Antwerpen, “Thermofor Catalytic Cracking,” Ind. Eng. Chem., vol. 36, no. 8, pp. 694–698, Aug. 1944.
G. González, N. P. Jiménez, and O. F. Salazar, “Fluid Dynamics of Gas-Solid Fluidized Beds,” in Advanced Fluid Dynamics, InTech, 2012.
L. Mleczko, “Fluidized bed chemical reactors – Old and new applications,” Fluidization XV, May 2016.
J. R. Grace, “Fluidized-bed catalytic reactors,” in Multiphase Catalytic Reactors, Z. I. Önsan and A. K. Avci, Eds. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016, pp. 80–94.
J. Ancheyta, Modeling of Processes and Reactors for Upgrading of Heavy Petroleum. CRC Press, 2013.
K. Agrawal, P. N. Loezos, M. Syamlal, and S. Sundaresan, “The role of meso-scale structures in rapid gas–solid flows,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol. 445, pp. 151–185, 2001.
Wen-Ching Yang, Ed., Handbook of Fluidization and Fluid-Particle Systems. CRC Press, 2003.
H. Weinstein, M. Shao, and M. Schnitzlein, “Radial variation in solid density in high velocity fluidization,” 1986.
D. Geldart, Gas fluidization technology. Chichester, New York: Wiley, 1986.
M. J. Rhodes and D. Geldart, “The upward flow of gas/solid suspensions. I: A model for the circulating fluidized bed incorporating dual level gas entry into the riser,” Chemical engineering research & design, vol. 67, no. 1, pp. 20–29, 1989.
P. A. Galtier, R. J. Pontier, and T. E. Patureaux, “Near full-scale cold flow model for the R2R catalytic cracking process,” Fluidization VI, vol. 17, p. 24, 1989.
A. Miller and D. Gidaspow, “Dense, vertical gas‐solid flow in a pipe,” AIChE Journal, vol. 38, no. 11, pp. 1801–1815, 1992.
A. L. Delgado, L. C. Olmos, and S. E. Rivero, “Comparative study of the indicated cycle of a diesel engine using simulation CFD and experimental data,” Rev. UIS Ing., vol. 13, no. 1, 2014.
J. Smagorinsky, “General circulation experiments with the primitive equations,” Mon. Wea. Rev., vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 99–164, 1963.
D. Lilly, “The representation of small scale turbulence in numerical simulation experiments,” in IBM Scientific Computing Symposium on environmental sciences, 1967, pp. 195–210.
J. W. Deardorff, “Three-dimensional numerical study of the height and mean structure of a heated planetary boundary layer,” Boundary-Layer Meteorol, vol. 7, no. 1, Aug. 1974.
O. L. P. Galvis, H. R. V. Torres, and J. H. G. Mejía, “Diseño de un sistema de inyección de corriente en pozo (sicp) modelado de la tubería de producción,” Rev. UIS Ing., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 77–86, 2008.
V. Mathiesen, “An experimental and computational study of multiphase flow behavior in a circulating fluidized bed,” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 387–419, Mar. 2000.
A. M. Ahmed and S. Elghobashi, “On the mechanisms of modifying the structure of turbulent homogeneous shear flows by dispersed particles,” Physics of Fluids, vol. 12, p. 2906, 2000.
G. Wang, G. M. Evans, and G. J. Jameson, “Experiments on the detachment of particles from bubbles in a turbulent vortex,” Powder Technology, vol. 302, pp. 196–206, Nov. 2016.
Y. Igci, Arthur, S. Sundaresan, S. Pannala, and T. O’Brien, “Filtered two-fluid models for fluidized gas-particle suspensions,” AIChE Journal, vol. 54, no. 6, pp. 1431–1448, 2008.
W. Holloway, S. Benyahia, C. M. Hrenya, and S. Sundaresan, “Meso-scale structures of bidisperse mixtures of particles fluidized by a gas,” Chemical Engineering Science, vol. 66, no. 19, pp. 4403–4420, Oct. 2011.
M. Kashyap and D. Gidaspow, “Measurements of Dispersion Coefficients for FCC Particles in a Free Board,” Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 7549–7565, Jun. 2011.
D. Gidaspow, Multiphase flow and fluidization: continuum and kinetic theory descriptions. Boston: Academic Press, 1994.
A. Leonard, “Energy Cascade in Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulent Fluid Flows,” in Turbulent Diffusion in Environmental Pollution, Proceedings of a Symposium held at Charlottesville, vol. Volume 18, Part 1, Elsevier, 1974, pp. 237–248.
S. Ghosal and P. Moin, “The Basic Equations for the Large Eddy Simulation of Turbulent Flows in Complex Geometry,” Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 24–37, Apr. 1995.
A. Samuelsberg and B. H. Hjertager, “An experimental and numerical study of flow patterns in a circulating fluidized bed reactor,” International Journal of Multiphase Flow, vol. 22, no. 3, pp. 575–591, Jun. 1996.
B. Vreman, B. Geurts, and J. Kuerten, “Large-eddy simulation of the turbulent mixing layer,” J. Fluid Mech., vol. 339, pp. 357–390, 1997.
F. K. Chow and P. Moin, “A further study of numerical errors in large-eddy simulations,” Journal of Computational Physics, vol. 184, no. 2, pp. 366–380, Jan. 2003.
M. J. Hodapp, “Modelagem e simulação de um leito fluidizado : um estudo comparativo,” Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2009.