Resumen
Se estima que entre el 0,8 y 1,42% de la población general presenta algún grado de disfunción olfativa. En estudios epidemiológicos de población general han demostrado que esto aumenta con la edad, llegando a afectar al 29% de las personas entre 70 y 79 años. Las causas más comunes del défi cit de olfacción en el adulto mayor son trauma de cráneo, inflamación del tracto respiratorio alto de etiología tanto infecciosa como alérgica y las enfermedades degenerativas del sistema nervioso central como la enfermedad de Alzheimer y de Parkinson. El 60 al 90% de los pacientes con Enfermedad de Párkinson tiene déficit olfativo, siendo uno de los síntomas más frecuentes de la enfermedad. Se presenta en forma precoz y bilateral, el déficit en general no es a todos los olores, permaneciendo la habilidad de reconocer algunos. En esta revisión, se caracteriza la forma de presentación de este trastorno y su impacto como un marcador biológico en la enfermedad de Parkinson.
Palabras clave: Olfacción. Enfermedad de Parkinson. Disfunción olfativa. Enfermedades degenerativas. Sistema nervioso central.
Referencias
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