Palabras clave
prevención y control
factores de riesgo
psicoterapia
ejercicio físico
atención plena
apoyo social
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: la depresión posparto es la complicación psiquiátrica más frecuente del periparto, constituye un problema de salud pública debido a consecuencias de corto y largo plazo para madre e hijo. Se considera que el enfoque preventivo tiene gran potencial para reducir su incidencia, así como evaluar la eficacia de las intervenciones según el grupo poblacional al que van dirigidas, contribuye a determinar terapias específicas y disminuir costos en salud. Objetivo: comparar la eficacia de intervenciones no farmacológicas para la prevención de depresión posparto en gestantes con factores de riesgo, respecto a gestantes de la población general. Metodología: se llevó a cabo una búsqueda sistemática en las bases de datos MEDLINE, SCOPUS, CINAHL, EMBASE y LILACS, mediante la cual se identificaron 484 artículos en los idiomas inglés y español, para incluir finalmente, según criterios de elegibilidad y calidad metodológica, un total de 13 ensayos clínicos controlados, que abarcaron una muestra de 5.905 pacientes. Resultados: seis de los siete estudios en gestantes con factores de riesgo impactaron de manera favorable tanto en la disminución de los síntomas como en la disminución del puntaje en las escalas de medición a través del tiempo. En contraste, solo dos de los seis estudios en gestantes de la población general tuvieron impacto significativo. La limitación más importante fue la heterogeneidad de las intervenciones propuestas. Conclusiones: los hallazgos sugieren que las intervenciones preventivas no farmacológicas tienen mayor eficacia cuando son abordadas en gestantes con factores de riesgo y en el periodo posparto. MÉD.UIS.2021;34(1): 73-90.
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