Palabras clave
Riesgos Laborales
Exposición profesional
Salud Laboral
Personal Docente
Normatividad
Revisión sistemática
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: la docencia es una de las principales profesiones vinculadas con el desarrollo de una sociedad; como cualquier labor, se encuentra expuesta a diferentes factores de riesgo que pueden generar una enfermedad de origen laboral. Objetivo: identificar y caracterizar la literatura actual que presente las principales enfermedades de los docentes escolares como consecuencia de su trabajo y/o las condiciones laborales. Materiales y métodos: revisión sistemática con búsqueda en las bases de datos Academic Search Complete (EBSCOHOST), APA – PSYCNET, ERIC (Education Resources Information Center), MEDLINE (PubMed), SCOPUS y Open Grey. Se realiza selección pareada independiente bajo criterios de inclusión y análisis de forma narrativa, incluyendo generalidades, información de la enfermedad y desenlaces en docentes. Resultados: se incluyeron 47 estudios, de los cuales el 25,5% fueron publicados en 2015; Brasil fue el país con mayor aporte temático. La mayoría de los estudios agrupó a los docentes escolares sin distinción de su ciclo (primaria, bachillerato y media). Las principales enfermedades identificadas fueron trastornos de la voz 51,1 %, musculoesqueléticos 23,4 % y psicosociales 21,3 %. Adicionalmente, se identificó que al menos el 50 % de los reportes por país estuvieron relacionados con trastornos de la voz; Brasil e India fueron los países de mayor representatividad. Conclusiones: las principales enfermedades laborales docentes fueron las relacionadas con trastornos de la voz, musculoesqueléticos y psicosociales; a su vez, estas se relacionan con riesgos físicos, condiciones de seguridad, riesgos biomecánicos y psicosociales en el contexto escolar.
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