Palabras clave
cateterismo urinario
agonistas alfa-adrenérgicos
atención primaria de salud
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: la retención urinaria aguda es la urgencia urológica más frecuente en los escenarios clínicos, sin embargo, su manejo en el nivel primario de atención no suele ser claro. Objetivo: sintetizar recomendaciones basadas en la literatura médica, con aplicación clínica para el manejo de la retención urinaria aguda en adultos en escenarios hospitalarios donde no se dispone de forma permanente del apoyo especializado en urología. Métodos: revisión de alcance de la literatura, realizada entre enero y abril de 2023, en las bases de datos Medline, Embase y Lilacs, incluyendo el análisis de artículos relacionados con intervenciones farmacológicas o técnicas para el manejo de la retención urinaria aguda en adultos en inglés y español, excluyendo artículos de retención urinaria crónica, de población pediátrica y obstétrica, de procedimientos ortopédicos o de estrategias no estandarizadas. Resultados: se obtuvo un total de 67 artículos tras la búsqueda del protocolo primario, 43 estudios cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. La descompresión vesical mediante catéter uretral es la intervención inicial más usada y recomendada a nivel mundial, existiendo evidencia a favor del retiro temprano del catéter en contexto de retención urinaria aguda. Por otra parte, el cateterismo suprapúbico es una alternativa al catéter uretral en escenarios específicos y puede proporcionar diversas ventajas. Conclusión: bajo una técnica adecuada a cargo del médico de atención primaria, el cateterismo transuretral permite resolver la mayoría de los casos. Aquellos pacientes cuyo manejo agudo con cateterismo transuretral esté contraindicado, haya sido fallido o insuficiente, requieren de manejo por el especialista en urología.
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