Palabras clave
Cuidados paliativos
Terapéutica
Cómo citar
Resumen
Introducción: los cuidados paliativos mejoran la calidad de vida de personas con enfermedades avanzadas, abordando complicaciones físicas, psicosociales y espirituales. La disfagia orofaríngea, prevalente en este grupo (28-46 %), compromete la alimentación y el bienestar. Su manejo terapéutico busca mantener o mejorar la calidad de vida. Objetivo: describir, de acuerdo a la literatura, el abordaje clínico de la disfagia orofaríngea en personas que reciben cuidados paliativos. Metodología: revisión de alcance siguiendo directrices PRISMA-ScR, mediante búsqueda en PubMed, EMBASE, UpToDate y Google Académico, incluyendo estudios publicados durante 2014 hasta el primer trimestre del 2024 que abordasen aspectos clínicos y ético-legales del manejo de la disfagia en cuidados paliativos. Se excluyeron estudios no revisados por pares y aquellos que no especificaran procesos clínicos relacionados. Resultados: se identificaron 25 documentos relevantes. Los hallazgos resaltan la necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinario que garantice la atención integral. Para ello, se abordan aspectos clave: manejo multidisciplinario, educación, detección, evaluación, enfoques y recursos terapéuticos. Conclusión: el abordaje de la disfagia orofaríngea en cuidados paliativos es complejo y requiere un enfoque multidisciplinario centrado en el paciente y su familia. La evidencia actual destaca la importancia de considerar aspectos clínicos y éticos en la toma de decisiones. Se necesita el desarrollo de protocolos estandarizados y guías de práctica clínica para optimizar la atención y mejorar la calidad de vida de los pacientes en esta etapa.
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