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Resumen
Introducción: la tuberculosis sigue siendo un problema en salud pública, causada por el complejo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, por tanto es importante conocer las características genéticas de la bacteria. Objetivo: realizar una revisión bibliográfica sobre los principales componentes del genoma del Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a fin de comprender los mecanismos de patogénesis y la resistencia a medicamentos. Metodología de búsqueda: búsqueda de literatura en español e inglés a través Medline, PubMed, SciELO, UniProt, TubercuList. De 118 publicaciones revisadas solo 93 fueron seleccionados. Resultados: el genoma del Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv comprende 4 411 529 pares de bases. Gran parte de su capacidad de codificación está destinada a la producción de enzimas envueltas en la lipogénesis y lipólisis. Conclusión: las dificultades para manipular las micobacterias genéticamente han hecho de ellas un modelo difícil de caracterizar genéticamente. El desarrollo de herramientas para la manipulación genética han facilitado el entendimiento de la organización del genoma, expresión de sus genes y determinación fenotípica que influyen en su patogenicidad y resistencia a fármacos. MÉD.UIS. 2015;28(1):39-51.
Palabras clave: Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Genes. Genoma. Metabolismo. Resistencia a medicamentos.
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