Resumen
Introducción: La cefalea pospunción dural es la complicación más frecuente de la punción dural, reportando una incidencia que oscila entre el 10% y el 40%. El padre de la anestesia epidural, August Bier, reportó en 1899 el primer caso de cefalea pospunción dural atribuyéndola a la perdida de líquido cefalorraquideo. Existen dos teorías para explicar su origen; la primera es la teoría de la grieta y la segunda es la teoría de Monro-Kellie-Burrows. El conocimiento de los factores de riesgo permite predecir la probabilidad de desarrollar esta patología. Objetivo: Revisar la evidencia actual sobre los factores de riesgo implicados en su desarrollo. Metodología de búsqueda: Se realizó una búsqueda de la literatura en PubMed, Proquest, Biblioteca Virtual en Salud en el periodo comprendido entre el 14 y 30 de Noviembre del 2014. Conclusiones: La edad, sexo femenino, antecedente personal de cefalea pospunción dural, aguja traumática y orientación del bisel perpendicular son factores de riesgo con significancia estadística. Mientras que los resultados a partir de los estudios no son concluyentes para factores como bajo peso (IMC<25Kg/m2), antecedente personal de cefalea, mayor calibre de la aguja, no reinserción del estilete y mayor número de intentos por punción. MÉD UIS. 2015;28(3):345-52.
Palabras Clave: Cefalea Pospunción de la Duramadre. Factores de Riesgo. Causalidad.
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