Keywords
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hyperandrogenism
Overdiagnosis
Anovulation
Hyperandrogenism
Overdiagnosis
Anovulation
How to Cite
Guzmán López, J. A., Robles Lara, P. D., Rivera Contreras, O. E., Ramírez Velandia, F., Sepúlveda Sanguino, A. J., & Sepúlveda Agudelo, J. (2020). Review of diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome. Médicas UIS, 33(3), 21–28. https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v33n3-2020002
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most frequent metabolic endocrine disorder in women of childbearing age, having implications at both the reproductive, metabolic, cardiovascular and psychosocial levels. Currently, its overdiagnosis corresponds to a common problem derived from the heterogeneity in the application of the criteria currently endorsed for its discovery, which has contributed to the increase in unnecessary treatments, as well as the negative effects on the quality of life and well-being of falsely rated patients with this disorder. A search was made in PubMed-MENDELEY and Ovid between the months of February to April of 2020, obtaining 43 articles related to the topic, published in the last 10 years. The knowledge on the part of the trained medical personnel about the current consensuses for the correct evaluation of the syndrome and the individualized study of each case, correspond to the most appropriate measures for the reduction of this event. MÉD.UIS.2020;33(3):21-28.
References
1. Lizneva D, Suturina L, Walker W, Brakta S. Criteria, prevalence, and phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril [Internet]. 2016;106(1):6–15. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.05.003
2. Stein IF, Leventhal ML. (1935). Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1935; 29(2):181–191. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)30642-6
3. March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DI, Norman RJ, Davies MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod. 2010 Feb;25(2):544-51. doi:10.1093/ humrep/dep399
4. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO.The Prevalence and Features of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in an Unselected Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2745-9. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032046
5. Muñoz C. Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP). ADOLESCERE. Revista de Formación Continuada de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de la Adolescencia. 2016; 4(2)
6. Nandi A, Chen Z, Patel R, Poretsky L. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014 Mar;43(1):123-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.10.003.
7. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 131(6):e157-e171. doi: 10.1097/ AOG.0000000000002656
8. Sir T, Preisler J, Magendzo A. Síndrome de ovario poliquístico. diagnóstico y manejo. Rev. med. clin. las Condes 2013;24(5), 818–826.
9. Copp T, Jansen J, Doust J, Mol BW, Dokras A, McCaffery K. Areexpanding disease definitions unnecessarily labelling women with polycystic
vary syndrome?. BMJ. 2017;358:j3694. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3694.
10. Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome; towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens
JR, Haseltine F, Merriam G,editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Boston: Blackwell Scientific; 1992; 377-384
11. Capella D, Aeda S, Irribarra C. Consensos existentes para el diagnóstico de síndrome de ovario Poliquístico. Rev Per Ginecol Obstet 2004;50(1):45-60. Disponible en https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028208013927
12. Consenso sobre síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Federacion Argentina De Sociedades De Obstetricia Y Ginecologia. 2011;
10, 69–76. Disponible en: http://www.fasgo.org.ar/archivos/ consensos/ovario_poliq.pdf
13. National Institutes of Health. Evidence-based methodology workshop on polycystic ovary syndrome, December 3-5, 2012. Executive summary. Disponible en: https://prevention.nih.gov/ sites/default/files/2018-06/FinalReport.pdf
14. Legro RS, Arslanian SA, Ehrmann DA, Hoeger KM, Murad MH, Pasquali R, Welt CK; Endocrine Society. Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Dec;98(12):4565-92. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-2350.
15. Carmina E, Oberfield SE, Lobo RA. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203:e201– e205. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.008
16. Rosenfield RL. The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents. Pediatrics 2015; 136(6):1154–1165. doi:10.1542/
peds.2015-1430
17. Zhang HY, Zhu FF, Xiong J, Shi XB, Fu SX. Characteristics of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome based on the
Rotterdam criteria in a large-scale Chinese population. BJOG 2009;116:1633–9.doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02347.x
18. Zhao Y, Ruan X, Mueck AO. Clinical and laboratory indicators of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese Han nationality with different Rotterdam criteria-based phenotypes. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32(2):151-6. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1107895.
19. Guastella E, Longo RA, Carmina E.Clinical and endocrine characteristics of the main polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes. Fertil Steril. 2010 Nov;94(6):2197-201. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.02.014
20. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Panidis, D. Unravelling the phenotypic map of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a prospective study of 634 women with PCOS. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Nov;67(5):735-42 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02954.x
21. Li R, Zhang Q, Yang D, Li S, Lu S, Wu X, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women in China: a large community-based study. Hum Reprod. 2013 Sep;28(9):2562-9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/det262.
22. Yildiz BO, Bozdag G, Yapici Z, Esinler I, Yarali H. Prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod. 2012 Oct;27(10):3067-73. doi:10.1093/humrep/des232
23. Tehrani FR, Rashidi H, Khomami MB, Tohidi M, Azizi F. The prevalence of metabolic disorders in various phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: a community based study in Southwest of Iran. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014 Sep 16;12:89. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-89
24. Tehrani FR, Simbar M, Tohidi M, Hosseinpanah F, Azizi F. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample
of Iranian population: Iranian PCOS prevalence study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011 Mar 25;9:39. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-39
25. Espinós J, Ramos A. Estudio y tratamiento de la anovulacinen el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos. Sociedad Española de Infertilidad. Guías de práctica clínica [Internet].2020 [citado 15 Abril 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.sefertilidad.net/docs/ biblioteca/guiasPracticaClinicas/guia7.pdf
26. Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC Med. 2010 Jun 30;8:41. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-41.
27. Balen AH, Conway GS, Kaltsas G, Techatraisak K, Manning, PJ, et al. Andrology: Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of
the disorder in 1741 patients. Hum Reprod, 1995 10(8), 2107– 2111. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136243
28. Hart R, Hickey M, Franks S. Definitions, prevalence and symptoms of polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Best Practice & research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2004 Oct;18(5):671-683. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.001.
29. Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES., Moran C, Lazenby J, Stephens KC, et al. Androgen Excess in Women: Experience with Over 1000 Consecutive Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89(2), 453–462. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031122
30. Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, Legro RS, Balen AH, Lobo R, et al. Consensus on women’s health aspects of polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):28-38.e25. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024.
31. Azziz R. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 2018; 132(2), 321–336. doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002698
32. Landay M, Huang A, Azziz R. Degree of hyperinsulinemia, independent of androgen levels, is an important determinant of the severity of hirsutism in PCOS. Fertil Steril 2009; 92(2):643– 647. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.021
33. Witchel SF, Oberfield S, Rosenfield RL, Codner E, Bonny A, Ibáñez L, et al. The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr. 2015, 83(6), 376– 389. doi:10.1159/000375530
34. Sigall DA, Arenas R. Hipertricosis : sus causas , formas clínicas y manejo 2011; 9(1): 33–42.
35. Sirmans S, Pate K. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Dec 18;6:1- 13. doi:10.2147/clep.s37559
36. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and longterm
health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81:19–25.
37. Hsu MI, Liou TH, Chou SY, Chang CY, et al. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome in Taiwanese Chinese women: comparison between Rotterdam 2003 and NIH 1990. Fertility and Sterility 2007; 88(3): 727–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fertnstert.2006.11.149
38. Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 2018;(July):1–17. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey256
39. Williams T, Mortada R, Poter S. Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.American Family Physician 2016;94(2):116-113
40. Nereud B, Dewailly D. Drug-Induced Hyperandrogenism. Contemporary Endocrinology: Androgen Excess Disorders in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Other Disorders, Second Edition Cap 10. 121-127
41. Capella D, Aedo Sócrates, Irribarra C. Consensos existentes para el diagnóstico del Sindrome de Ovario Poliquístico. Rev. Obstet.
Ginecol 2014; 9 (1): 39-44
42. Mustaniemi S, Vääräsmäki M, Eriksson JG, Gissler M, Laivuori H,et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk factors for gestational diabetes. Endocrine connections 2018; 7(7):859–869. https://doi. org/10.1530/EC-18-0076
43. De Vries MJ, Dekker GA, Schoemaker J. Higher risk of preeclampsia in the polycystic ovary syndrome. European Journal of Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998; 76(1), 91–95. doi:10.1016/ s0301-2115(97)00164-4
44. Copp T, Hersch J, Doust J, et al 95 Challenges and uncertainties regarding polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the potentialfor overdiagnosis: clinicians’ views and experiences BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2018;23:A45.
45. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti E., Escobar HF, et al. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril 2009; 91(2), 456–488. doi:10.1016/j. fertnstert.2008.06.035
46. Codner E, Villarroel C, Eyzaguirre FC, López P, Merino PM, et al. Polycystic ovarian morphology in postmenarchal adolescents. Fertil Steril 2011; 95(2): 702–706.e2. doi:10.1016/j. fertnstert.2010.06.015
47. Morris S, Grover S, Sabin MA. What does a diagnostic label of ‘polycystic ovary syndrome’ really mean in adolescence? A review of current practice recommendations. Clin Obes 2016;358:1-18. doi:10.1111/cob.12123 pmid:26568133.
48. McCaffery KJ, Jansen J, Scherer LD, Thornton H, Hersch J, Carter SM, et al. Walking the tightrope: Communicating overdiagnosis in modern healthcare. BMJ. 2016;352(February):1–5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i348.
49. Clayton RN, Ogden V, Hodgkinson J, Worswick L, Rodin DA, et al. How common are polycystic ovaries in normal women and what is their significance for the fertility of the population? Clinical Endocrinology 1992, 37(2), 127– 134. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02296.x
50. Codner E, Soto N, Lopez P, Trejo L, Ávila A, Eyzaguirre FC, Cassorla F. Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovarian Morphology in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91(6):2250–2256. doi:10.1210/ jc.2006-0108
51. Zhuang J, Liu Y, Xu L, Liu X, Zhou L, Tang L, et al. Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Female Residents of
Chengdu, China. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest 2014; 77(4):217– 223. doi:10.1159/000358485
52. Lauritsen MP, Bentzen JG, Pinborg A, Loft A, Forman JL, Thuesen LL. Et al. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a
normal population according to the Rotterdam criteria versus revised criteria including anti-Mullerian hormone. Hum Reprod 2014; 29(4):791–801. doi:10.1093/humrep/det469
53. Deeks AA, Gibson-Helm ME, Teede HJ. Anxiety and depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive investigation. Fertil Steril 2010; 93(7): 2421–2423. doi:10.1016/j. fertnstert.2009.09.018
54. Dokras A, Clifton S, Futterweit W, Wild R. Increased prevalence of anxiety symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2012; 358:225-30.e2. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.022 pmid:22127370
55. Dokras A, Clifton S, Futterweit W, Wild R. Increased risk for abnormal depression scores in women with polycystic ovary
syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2011;358:145-52. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318202b0a4
pmid:21173657.
56. Bazarganipour F, Ziaei S, Montazeri A, Foroozanfard F, Kazemnejad A, Faghihzadeh S. Body image satisfaction and
self-esteem status among the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Iran J Reprod Med 2013;358:829-36.pmid:24639704.
57. Kitzinger C, Willmott J. ‘The thief of womanhood’: women’s experience of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Soc Sci Med
2002;358:349-61. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00034- X pmid:11824912.
58. Eftekhar T, Sohrabvand F, Zabandan N, Shariat M, Haghollahi F, et al. Sexual dysfunction in patients with polycystic
ovary syndrome and its affected domains. Iranian journal of
reproductive medicine 2014; 12(8): 539–546.
59. Copp T, McCaffery K, Azizi L, Doust J, Mol BWJ, Jansen J.
Influence of the disease label “polycystic ovary syndrome” on
intention to have an ultrasound and psychosocial outcomes: a
randomised online study in young women. Hum Reprod 2017;
32(4):876–884. doi:10.1093/humrep/dex029
60. Copp T, Muscat DM, Hersch J, Mccaffery KJ, Doust J, Mol BW,
et al. Clinicians’ perspectives on diagnosing polycystic ovary
syndrome in Australia : a qualitative study. Hum Reprod. 2020
Mar 27;35(3):660-668. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaa005.
61. Shufelt CL, Torbati T, Dutra E. Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and
the Long-Term Health Consequences. Semin Reprod Med. 2017
May;35(3):256-262. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1603581
2. Stein IF, Leventhal ML. (1935). Amenorrhea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J Obstet Gynecol.1935; 29(2):181–191. doi:10.1016/s0002-9378(15)30642-6
3. March WA, Moore VM, Willson KJ, Phillips DI, Norman RJ, Davies MJ. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample assessed under contrasting diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod. 2010 Feb;25(2):544-51. doi:10.1093/ humrep/dep399
4. Azziz R, Woods KS, Reyna R, Key TJ, Knochenhauer ES, Yildiz BO.The Prevalence and Features of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in an Unselected Population. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jun;89(6):2745-9. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032046
5. Muñoz C. Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP). ADOLESCERE. Revista de Formación Continuada de la Sociedad Española de Medicina de la Adolescencia. 2016; 4(2)
6. Nandi A, Chen Z, Patel R, Poretsky L. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2014 Mar;43(1):123-47. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2013.10.003.
7. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 194: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol. 2018; 131(6):e157-e171. doi: 10.1097/ AOG.0000000000002656
8. Sir T, Preisler J, Magendzo A. Síndrome de ovario poliquístico. diagnóstico y manejo. Rev. med. clin. las Condes 2013;24(5), 818–826.
9. Copp T, Jansen J, Doust J, Mol BW, Dokras A, McCaffery K. Areexpanding disease definitions unnecessarily labelling women with polycystic
vary syndrome?. BMJ. 2017;358:j3694. doi: 10.1136/bmj.j3694.
10. Zawadzki JK, Dunaif A. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome; towards a rational approach. In: Dunaif A, Givens
JR, Haseltine F, Merriam G,editors. Polycystic ovary syndrome. Boston: Blackwell Scientific; 1992; 377-384
11. Capella D, Aeda S, Irribarra C. Consensos existentes para el diagnóstico de síndrome de ovario Poliquístico. Rev Per Ginecol Obstet 2004;50(1):45-60. Disponible en https://www. sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0015028208013927
12. Consenso sobre síndrome de ovario poliquístico. Federacion Argentina De Sociedades De Obstetricia Y Ginecologia. 2011;
10, 69–76. Disponible en: http://www.fasgo.org.ar/archivos/ consensos/ovario_poliq.pdf
13. National Institutes of Health. Evidence-based methodology workshop on polycystic ovary syndrome, December 3-5, 2012. Executive summary. Disponible en: https://prevention.nih.gov/ sites/default/files/2018-06/FinalReport.pdf
14. Legro RS, Arslanian SA, Ehrmann DA, Hoeger KM, Murad MH, Pasquali R, Welt CK; Endocrine Society. Diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome: An endocrine society clinical practice guideline. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Dec;98(12):4565-92. doi: 10.1210/jc.2013-2350.
15. Carmina E, Oberfield SE, Lobo RA. The diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescents. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2010;203:e201– e205. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.03.008
16. Rosenfield RL. The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Adolescents. Pediatrics 2015; 136(6):1154–1165. doi:10.1542/
peds.2015-1430
17. Zhang HY, Zhu FF, Xiong J, Shi XB, Fu SX. Characteristics of different phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome based on the
Rotterdam criteria in a large-scale Chinese population. BJOG 2009;116:1633–9.doi: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2009.02347.x
18. Zhao Y, Ruan X, Mueck AO. Clinical and laboratory indicators of polycystic ovary syndrome in Chinese Han nationality with different Rotterdam criteria-based phenotypes. Gynecol Endocrinol. 2016;32(2):151-6. doi: 10.3109/09513590.2015.1107895.
19. Guastella E, Longo RA, Carmina E.Clinical and endocrine characteristics of the main polycystic ovary syndrome phenotypes. Fertil Steril. 2010 Nov;94(6):2197-201. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2010.02.014
20. Diamanti-Kandarakis E, Panidis, D. Unravelling the phenotypic map of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS): a prospective study of 634 women with PCOS. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 2007 Nov;67(5):735-42 doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.2007.02954.x
21. Li R, Zhang Q, Yang D, Li S, Lu S, Wu X, et al. Prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in women in China: a large community-based study. Hum Reprod. 2013 Sep;28(9):2562-9. doi: 10.1093/humrep/det262.
22. Yildiz BO, Bozdag G, Yapici Z, Esinler I, Yarali H. Prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria. Hum Reprod. 2012 Oct;27(10):3067-73. doi:10.1093/humrep/des232
23. Tehrani FR, Rashidi H, Khomami MB, Tohidi M, Azizi F. The prevalence of metabolic disorders in various phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome: a community based study in Southwest of Iran. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2014 Sep 16;12:89. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-12-89
24. Tehrani FR, Simbar M, Tohidi M, Hosseinpanah F, Azizi F. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a community sample
of Iranian population: Iranian PCOS prevalence study. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2011 Mar 25;9:39. doi: 10.1186/1477-7827-9-39
25. Espinós J, Ramos A. Estudio y tratamiento de la anovulacinen el síndrome de ovarios poliquísticos. Sociedad Española de Infertilidad. Guías de práctica clínica [Internet].2020 [citado 15 Abril 2020]. Disponible en: https://www.sefertilidad.net/docs/ biblioteca/guiasPracticaClinicas/guia7.pdf
26. Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L. Polycystic ovary syndrome: a complex condition with psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestations that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC Med. 2010 Jun 30;8:41. doi: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-41.
27. Balen AH, Conway GS, Kaltsas G, Techatraisak K, Manning, PJ, et al. Andrology: Polycystic ovary syndrome: the spectrum of
the disorder in 1741 patients. Hum Reprod, 1995 10(8), 2107– 2111. doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a136243
28. Hart R, Hickey M, Franks S. Definitions, prevalence and symptoms of polycystic ovaries and polycystic ovary syndrome.
Best Practice & research. Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology. 2004 Oct;18(5):671-683. DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2004.05.001.
29. Azziz R, Sanchez LA, Knochenhauer ES., Moran C, Lazenby J, Stephens KC, et al. Androgen Excess in Women: Experience with Over 1000 Consecutive Patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2004, 89(2), 453–462. doi:10.1210/jc.2003-031122
30. Fauser BC, Tarlatzis BC, Rebar RW, Legro RS, Balen AH, Lobo R, et al. Consensus on women’s health aspects of polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS): the Amsterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored 3rd PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Fertil Steril. 2012 Jan;97(1):28-38.e25. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.09.024.
31. Azziz R. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 2018; 132(2), 321–336. doi:10.1097/aog.0000000000002698
32. Landay M, Huang A, Azziz R. Degree of hyperinsulinemia, independent of androgen levels, is an important determinant of the severity of hirsutism in PCOS. Fertil Steril 2009; 92(2):643– 647. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2008.06.021
33. Witchel SF, Oberfield S, Rosenfield RL, Codner E, Bonny A, Ibáñez L, et al. The Diagnosis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome during Adolescence. Horm Res Paediatr. 2015, 83(6), 376– 389. doi:10.1159/000375530
34. Sigall DA, Arenas R. Hipertricosis : sus causas , formas clínicas y manejo 2011; 9(1): 33–42.
35. Sirmans S, Pate K. Epidemiology, diagnosis, and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Epidemiol. 2013 Dec 18;6:1- 13. doi:10.2147/clep.s37559
36. Rotterdam ESHRE/ASRM-Sponsored PCOS Consensus Workshop Group. Revised 2003 consensus on diagnostic criteria and longterm
health risks related to polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2004;81:19–25.
37. Hsu MI, Liou TH, Chou SY, Chang CY, et al. Diagnostic criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome in Taiwanese Chinese women: comparison between Rotterdam 2003 and NIH 1990. Fertility and Sterility 2007; 88(3): 727–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. fertnstert.2006.11.149
38. Teede HJ, Misso ML, Costello MF, Dokras A, Laven J, Moran L, et al. Recommendations from the international evidence-based guideline for the assessment and management of polycystic ovary syndrome. 2018;(July):1–17. doi: 10.1093/humrep/dey256
39. Williams T, Mortada R, Poter S. Diagnosis and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.American Family Physician 2016;94(2):116-113
40. Nereud B, Dewailly D. Drug-Induced Hyperandrogenism. Contemporary Endocrinology: Androgen Excess Disorders in Women: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Other Disorders, Second Edition Cap 10. 121-127
41. Capella D, Aedo Sócrates, Irribarra C. Consensos existentes para el diagnóstico del Sindrome de Ovario Poliquístico. Rev. Obstet.
Ginecol 2014; 9 (1): 39-44
42. Mustaniemi S, Vääräsmäki M, Eriksson JG, Gissler M, Laivuori H,et al. Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk factors for gestational diabetes. Endocrine connections 2018; 7(7):859–869. https://doi. org/10.1530/EC-18-0076
43. De Vries MJ, Dekker GA, Schoemaker J. Higher risk of preeclampsia in the polycystic ovary syndrome. European Journal of Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 1998; 76(1), 91–95. doi:10.1016/ s0301-2115(97)00164-4
44. Copp T, Hersch J, Doust J, et al 95 Challenges and uncertainties regarding polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the potentialfor overdiagnosis: clinicians’ views and experiences BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine 2018;23:A45.
45. Azziz R, Carmina E, Dewailly D, Diamanti E., Escobar HF, et al. The Androgen Excess and PCOS Society criteria for the polycystic ovary syndrome: the complete task force report. Fertil Steril 2009; 91(2), 456–488. doi:10.1016/j. fertnstert.2008.06.035
46. Codner E, Villarroel C, Eyzaguirre FC, López P, Merino PM, et al. Polycystic ovarian morphology in postmenarchal adolescents. Fertil Steril 2011; 95(2): 702–706.e2. doi:10.1016/j. fertnstert.2010.06.015
47. Morris S, Grover S, Sabin MA. What does a diagnostic label of ‘polycystic ovary syndrome’ really mean in adolescence? A review of current practice recommendations. Clin Obes 2016;358:1-18. doi:10.1111/cob.12123 pmid:26568133.
48. McCaffery KJ, Jansen J, Scherer LD, Thornton H, Hersch J, Carter SM, et al. Walking the tightrope: Communicating overdiagnosis in modern healthcare. BMJ. 2016;352(February):1–5. doi: 10.1136/bmj.i348.
49. Clayton RN, Ogden V, Hodgkinson J, Worswick L, Rodin DA, et al. How common are polycystic ovaries in normal women and what is their significance for the fertility of the population? Clinical Endocrinology 1992, 37(2), 127– 134. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02296.x
50. Codner E, Soto N, Lopez P, Trejo L, Ávila A, Eyzaguirre FC, Cassorla F. Diagnostic Criteria for Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Ovarian Morphology in Women with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91(6):2250–2256. doi:10.1210/ jc.2006-0108
51. Zhuang J, Liu Y, Xu L, Liu X, Zhou L, Tang L, et al. Prevalence of the Polycystic Ovary Syndrome in Female Residents of
Chengdu, China. Gynecol. Obstet. Invest 2014; 77(4):217– 223. doi:10.1159/000358485
52. Lauritsen MP, Bentzen JG, Pinborg A, Loft A, Forman JL, Thuesen LL. Et al. The prevalence of polycystic ovary syndrome in a
normal population according to the Rotterdam criteria versus revised criteria including anti-Mullerian hormone. Hum Reprod 2014; 29(4):791–801. doi:10.1093/humrep/det469
53. Deeks AA, Gibson-Helm ME, Teede HJ. Anxiety and depression in polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive investigation. Fertil Steril 2010; 93(7): 2421–2423. doi:10.1016/j. fertnstert.2009.09.018
54. Dokras A, Clifton S, Futterweit W, Wild R. Increased prevalence of anxiety symptoms in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertil Steril 2012; 358:225-30.e2. doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2011.10.022 pmid:22127370
55. Dokras A, Clifton S, Futterweit W, Wild R. Increased risk for abnormal depression scores in women with polycystic ovary
syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2011;358:145-52. doi:10.1097/AOG.0b013e318202b0a4
pmid:21173657.
56. Bazarganipour F, Ziaei S, Montazeri A, Foroozanfard F, Kazemnejad A, Faghihzadeh S. Body image satisfaction and
self-esteem status among the patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Iran J Reprod Med 2013;358:829-36.pmid:24639704.
57. Kitzinger C, Willmott J. ‘The thief of womanhood’: women’s experience of polycystic ovarian syndrome. Soc Sci Med
2002;358:349-61. doi:10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00034- X pmid:11824912.
58. Eftekhar T, Sohrabvand F, Zabandan N, Shariat M, Haghollahi F, et al. Sexual dysfunction in patients with polycystic
ovary syndrome and its affected domains. Iranian journal of
reproductive medicine 2014; 12(8): 539–546.
59. Copp T, McCaffery K, Azizi L, Doust J, Mol BWJ, Jansen J.
Influence of the disease label “polycystic ovary syndrome” on
intention to have an ultrasound and psychosocial outcomes: a
randomised online study in young women. Hum Reprod 2017;
32(4):876–884. doi:10.1093/humrep/dex029
60. Copp T, Muscat DM, Hersch J, Mccaffery KJ, Doust J, Mol BW,
et al. Clinicians’ perspectives on diagnosing polycystic ovary
syndrome in Australia : a qualitative study. Hum Reprod. 2020
Mar 27;35(3):660-668. doi: 10.1093/humrep/deaa005.
61. Shufelt CL, Torbati T, Dutra E. Hypothalamic Amenorrhea and
the Long-Term Health Consequences. Semin Reprod Med. 2017
May;35(3):256-262. doi: 10.1055/s-0037-1603581
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Copyright (c) 2020 Médicas UIS
Downloads
Download data is not yet available.