Amplificación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos tipo LAMP para la detección de Plasmodium: nueva técnica diagnóstica
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Keywords

Amplificación isotérmica
Malaria
Plasmodium
Diagnóstico

How to Cite

Arroyo A, M. I., Morales L, G. P., Sosa V, P. A., Carmona-Fonseca, J., & Maestre B, A. (2020). Amplificación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos tipo LAMP para la detección de Plasmodium: nueva técnica diagnóstica. Médicas UIS, 21(3), 158–175. Retrieved from https://revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistamedicasuis/article/view/12314

Abstract

Recientemente se introdujo en el diagnóstico de malaria una técnica llamada amplifi cación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos, que usa el material genético plasmodial. Este escrito revisa la información disponible sobre amplifi cación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos, especialmente en el campo del paludismo. Metodología: se revisaron las bases electrónicas Lilacs, Scielo, PubMed (Medline) y Ovid. Resultados: solo se encontraron tres referencias sobre amplifi cación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos y malaria pero hubo abundante información sobre amplifi cación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos en otras infecciones y campos de la medicina, en especial la infectología. La reacción de amplifi cación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos requiere de una ADN polimerasa con actividad de desplazamiento de cadena y cuatro cebadores especialmente diseñados para reconocer seis secuencias distintas. Esto garantiza alta especifi cidad para la amplifi cación. Varias alternativas de amplifi cación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos se han desarrollado para la identifi cación de virus, bacterias, micoplasmas, protozoos, hongos y levaduras. Ventajas de amplifi cación isotérmica de ácidos nucleicos son capacidad de amplifi car ácidos nucleicos bajo condiciones isotérmicas (60-65 ºC); posibilidad de lectura y semicuantifi cación a simple vista y de cuantifi cación con un turbidímetro; altas sensibilidad y especifi cidad y, en general, capacidad diagnóstica; rapidez, bajo costo y facilidad de aplicación; tolera los componentes de los medios de cultivo y las sustancias biológicas. Entre las desventajas están que la baja concentración de ADN molde disminuye la efi cacia del reconocimiento de los  ebadores; la observación de la turbidez fue menos sensible que la visualización de los productos en gel de agarosa teñidos con bromuro de etidio y es crítica la  revención de la contaminación. (MÉD.UIS. 2008;21(3):158-75).

 

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