Keywords
Population genetic structure
Polymorphic markers
Disorders
Polymorphic markers
Disorders
How to Cite
Rondón González, F., & Barreto, G. (2013). Genetic structure, ancestry and their relationship to human health studies. Médicas UIS, 26(1). Retrieved from https://revistas.uis.edu.co/index.php/revistamedicasuis/article/view/3581
Abstract
The current configuration of human populations is due to the mix of native individuals and many colonizers; it can entail genetic structure, a phenomenon appreciable to observe differences in allele and genotype frequencies of populations of a geographic region over another. This analysis has focused on the identification and quantification of the degree of mixing, useful tool for checking through association of polymorphic markers involved in the development of diseases. One obstacle in identifying genetic variants associated with diseases is the comparison of cases and controls from populations with different genetic backgrounds. In the opposite sense, it is important to establish the degree of genetic structure in populations due to the differential distribution of alleles of polymorphisms associated with a disease of interest. (MÉD.UIS.2013;26(1):37-43).
References
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3. Rondón F. Estudio de la variabilidad genética en poblaciones humanas del centro y suroccidente colombiano mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares [disertación]. Santiago de Cali (Va). Universidad del Valle.; 2009.
4. Mulligan CJ, Hunley K, Cole S, Long JC. Population genetics, history, and health patterns in Native Americans. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2004;5:295-315.
5. Bravo ML, Valenzuela CY, Arcos-Burgos OM. Polymorphisms and phyletic relationships of the Paisa community from Antioquia (Colombia). Gene Geography 1996;10:11-7.
6. Peña AV. Caracterización de la estructura y diversidad genética de tres poblaciones del sur-occidente colombiano utilizando cuatro sistemas de marcadores moleculares microsatélites [disertación]. Santiago de Cali (Va). Universidad del Valle.; 2007.
7. Wang S, Ray N, Rojas, W, Parra MV, Bedoya G, et al. Geographic patterns of genome admixture in latin american Mestizos. Plosgenet 2008; 4 (3): E1000037. Doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037.
8. Hincapie ML, Gil AM, Pico, AL, Gusmão L, Rondón F, et al. Análisis de la estructura genética en una muestra poblacional de Bucaramanga, departamento de Santander. Colombia Médica 2009; 40: 362-73.
9. Keyeux G, Bernal JE. Molecular genetic studies and their relevance in tracing African admixture: analysis of HLA class II alleles in Amerindian and African American Colombian populations. América Negra 1996;12:11-8.
10. Rodas C, Gelvez N, Keyeux G. Mitochondrial DNA Studies Show Asymmetrical Amerindian Admixture in Afro-Colombian and Mestizo Populations. Hum Biol 2003;75:13-30.
11. Rondón F, Vallejo, G, Osorio E, Barreto G. Frecuencias haplotípicas mitocondriales en la comunidad indígena Coyaima del departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Rev Asoc Col Cienc Biol 1999;11:45-53.
12. Keyeux G, Rodas C, Gelvez N, Carter D. Possible Migration Routes into South America Deduced from Mitochondrial DNA Studies in Colombian Amerindian Populations. Hum Biol 2002; 74:211-33.
13. Osorio JC. Obtención y análisis de las frecuencias alélicas de seis sistemas de STR ́s autosómicos en la comunidad indígena Pijao-La Luisa del departamento del Tolima [disertación]. Santiago de Cali (Va). Universidad del Valle. 2006.
14. Sans M. Admixture studies in Latin America: From the 20th to the 21st century. HumBiol 2000;72:155-77.
15. Hartl DL, Clark AG. Principles of Population Genetics. Sunderland, MA 1996. Sinauer Associates Inc.
16. Wright S. The genetical structure of populations.Ann Eugenics 1951;15:323-54.
17. Wright S. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics withspecial regard to systems of mating.Evolution 1965;19:395-420.
18. Nei M. Analysis of Gene Diversity in Subdivided Populations.Proc Nat AcadSci USA 1973; 70(1):3321-23.
19. Bowcock AM, Ruiz-Linares A, Tomfohrde J. High resolution ofhuman evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites.Nature 1994; 368: 455-57.
20. Zhivotovsky LA, Rosenberg NA, Feldman MW. Features of Evolution and Expansion of Modern Humans, Inferred from Genomewide Microsatellite Markers. Am J HumGenet 2003; 72: 1171-86.
21. Arcila VG. Grupos sanguíneos entre los indios Páez. Revista InstEtnolNal 1944;1:7-14.
22. Reichel GA. Grupos sanguíneos entre los indios Pijaos del Tolima. RevInstEtnolNal 1944;1:623-53.
23. Soriano A, Martínez R. Estudio inmunohematológico entre los indios Lloroes. Revista FacUnivNal 1960; 28: 101-6.
24. Páez C, Freudenthal K. Grupos sanguíneos de los Sibundoy, Santiagueños, Kuaiker e indios mestizos de los alrededores de Pasto. Revista Inst Etnol Nal 1976; 1: 141-45.
25. Valenzuela CY, Vásquez G, Rendón LM. Genetics structure of urban populations of Colombia. Actualidades Biológicas 1993; 67:25-31.
26. Case JT, Wallace DC. Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in cultured human fibroblast. Som Cell Genet 1981;7:103-8.
27. Torroni A, Schurr TG, Yang C-C, Szathmary EJE, Williams RC, Schanfield MS, et al. Native American mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that the Amerind and Nadene populations were founded by two independent migrations. Genetics 1992; 130:153-62.
28. Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Human Genet 1980;32:314-31.
29. Salas A, Carracedo A, Richards M, Macaulay V. Charting the ancestry of African Americans. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77: 676-80.
30. Beckman JS, Weber JI. Survey of human and rat microsatellites. Genomics. 1992;12:627-31.
31. Edwards A, Civitello A, Hammond HA, Caskey CT. DNA typing and genetic mapping with trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeats. Am. J. Hum. Genet 1991; 49: 746-56.
32. Aranguren-Méndez JA, Román-Bravo R, Isea, W, Villasmil Y, Jordana YJ. Los microsatélites (STR ́s), marcadores moleculares de ADN por excelencia para programas de conservación: una revisión. Arch Lat Prod Anim 2005; 13: 30-42.
33. Alonso AA. Regiones microsatélites del genoma humano (Short Tandem Repeats) Aplicaciones en Genética Forense. In: La prueba del ADN en Medicina Forense. La genética al servicio de la ley en el análisis de indicios criminales y en la investigación biológica de la paternidad. Barcelona – España: Masson, SA editores; 1999p. 72-83.
34. Sherry ST, Waard M, Sirotkin K. dbSNP-database for Single Nulceotide Polymorphisms and other classes of minor genetic variation. Genom Res 1999;9:667-79.
35. Santos FR, Tyler-Smith C. Reading the human Y chromosome: the emerging DNA markers and human genetic history. Braz J Genet 1996;19:665-70.
36. León FJ, Rondón F, Vargas CI, Oróstegui M, Bautista L, Serrano NC, et al. Analysis of population genetic structure from Bucaramanga (Colombia) based on gene polymorphisms associated with regulation of blood pressure. Colombia Médica 2012;43:155-62.
37. Marchini J, Cardom LR, Phillips MS, Donelly P. The effects of human population structure on large genetic association studies. Nat Genet 2004;36:512-7.
38. Slatkin M. Gene flow and population structure. In: Real LA editor. Ecological Genetics. Princenton University Press; 1994 p. 3-18.
39. Builes JJ, Martínez B, Gómez A, Caraballo L, Espinal C, Aguirre D, et al. Y chromosome STR haplotypes in the Caribbean city of Cartagena (Colombia). Forensic Sci Int 2007;167:62-9.
40. Vargas CI, Castillo A, Gil AM, Pico AL, García O. Population genetic data for 13 STR loci in a northeast Colombian(department of Santander) population. J Forensic Sci: Int Congress Series 2003; 1239: 197-200.
41. Carvajal-Carmona LG, Soto ID, Pineda N, Ortíz-Barrientos D, Duque C, Ospina-Duque J, et al. Strong Amerind/White sex bias and a posible Sephardic contribution among the founders of a population in Nortwest Colombia. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67: 1287-95.
42. Builes JJ, Bravo MLJ, Montoya A, Caraballo L, Martínez B, Moreno MA. Population genetics of eight new Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three Colombian populations: Antioquia, Chocó and Cartagena. Int Congr Ser 2004; 1261: 310-2.
43. Rondón F, Orobio R, Braga Y, Cárdenas H, Barreto G. Estudio de diversidad genética de cuatro poblaciones aisladas del Centro y Suroccidente colombiano. Salud UIS 2006; 38: 12-20.
44. Rey M, Gutiérrez A, Schroeder B, Usaquén W, Carracedo A, Bustos I, et al. Allele frequencies for 13 STR’s from two Colombian populations: Bogotá and Boyacá. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 136: 83-5.
45. Braga YA. Diversidad genética de comunidades amerindias del Vaupés y el Guaviare mediante STRs, Y-STRs y RFLP-mtDNA [disertación]. Santiago de Cali (Va). Universidad del Valle.; 2009.
46. Mesa NR, Mondragón MC, Soto ID, Parra MV, Duque C, Ortíz-Barrientos D, et al. Autosomal,mtDNA and Y-Chromosome diversity in Amerinds: Pre- and Post-Columbian patterns of gene flow in South America. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67: 1277-86.
47. Martínez B, Caraballo L, Gusmão L, Amorim A, Carracedo A. Autosomic STR population data in two Caribbean samples from Colombia. Forensic Sci Int 2005;152:79-81.
48. Rondón F, Braga Y, Cárdenas H, Barreto H. Análisis de la diversidad y el grado de estructura genética presente en poblaciones humanas colombianas a partir del uso de marcadores RFLP’s de mtDNA. Rev Asoc Col Cienc Biol 2007;19:94-103.
49. Salas A, Acosta A, Álvarez-Iglesias V, Cerezo M, Phillips C, Lareu MV, et al. The mtDNA ancestry of admixed Colombian populations. Am J Hum Biol 2008;20:584-91.
50. Gomez-Perez L., Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Perez-Miranda AM, Garcia-Obregon S, Builes JJ, Bravo ML, et al. Genetic admixture estimates by Alu elements in Afro-Colombian and Mestizo populations from Antioquia, Colombia. Ann Hum Biol. 2010. 37:488-500.
51. Zapata M. La rebelión de los genes. El mestizaje americano en la sociedad futura. Bogotá, DC 1997. Altamir ediciones.
52. Blanton RE, Silva LK, Morato VG, Parrado AR, Dias JP, Melo PR, et al. Genetic ancestry and income are associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever in a highly admixed population. Eur J Hum Genet. 2008;16:762-5.
53. Galanter JM, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Gignoux CR, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Via M, et al. Development of a panel of genome-wide ancestry informative markers to study admixture throughout the Americas. PLoS Genet. 2012 Mar;8(3):e1002554.
54. Sierra, Garcia G, Perez AB, Morier L, Alvarez M, Kouri G, et al. Ethnicity and difference in dengue virus-specific memory T cell responses in Cuban individuals. Viral Immunol. 2006 Winter;19(4):662-8.
55. Bautista LE, Ardila ME, Gamarra G, Vargas CI, Arenas IA. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and risk of myocardial infarction in Colombia. Med Sci Monit 2004; 10:143-9.
56. Arenas IA, Vargas CI, Davidge ST, Bautista LE. Angiotensin converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphism influences serum C-reactive protein level. Can J Cardiol 2006;21:112-6.
57. Bautista LE, Vargas CI, Oróstegui M, Gamarra G. Population based case-control study of Renin-angiotensin system genes polymorphisms and hypertension among Hispanics. Hypert Res 2008;31:401-7.
58. Aranguren-Méndez JA, Jordana YJ. Utilización de marcadores de ADN (microsatélites) en poblaciones de animales domésticos en peligro de extinción [online] 2001. Disponible URL: http://www.avpa.ula.ve/articulos_libres/AVPAconservacion.pdf
59. Reiner AP, Ziv E, Lind DL, Nievergelt CM, Schork NJ, Cummings SR, et al. Population structure, admixture, and aging-related phenotypes in African American adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Mar;76(3):463-77.
2. Acosta MA. Estudio de la variabilidad a nivel molecular del DNA autosómico, mitocondrial y del cromosoma Y, en una muestra poblacional del Sur Occidente de Colombia [disertación]. Santiago de Compostela (Gal). Universidad de Santiago de Compostela. 2007.
3. Rondón F. Estudio de la variabilidad genética en poblaciones humanas del centro y suroccidente colombiano mediante el uso de marcadores moleculares [disertación]. Santiago de Cali (Va). Universidad del Valle.; 2009.
4. Mulligan CJ, Hunley K, Cole S, Long JC. Population genetics, history, and health patterns in Native Americans. Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet 2004;5:295-315.
5. Bravo ML, Valenzuela CY, Arcos-Burgos OM. Polymorphisms and phyletic relationships of the Paisa community from Antioquia (Colombia). Gene Geography 1996;10:11-7.
6. Peña AV. Caracterización de la estructura y diversidad genética de tres poblaciones del sur-occidente colombiano utilizando cuatro sistemas de marcadores moleculares microsatélites [disertación]. Santiago de Cali (Va). Universidad del Valle.; 2007.
7. Wang S, Ray N, Rojas, W, Parra MV, Bedoya G, et al. Geographic patterns of genome admixture in latin american Mestizos. Plosgenet 2008; 4 (3): E1000037. Doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000037.
8. Hincapie ML, Gil AM, Pico, AL, Gusmão L, Rondón F, et al. Análisis de la estructura genética en una muestra poblacional de Bucaramanga, departamento de Santander. Colombia Médica 2009; 40: 362-73.
9. Keyeux G, Bernal JE. Molecular genetic studies and their relevance in tracing African admixture: analysis of HLA class II alleles in Amerindian and African American Colombian populations. América Negra 1996;12:11-8.
10. Rodas C, Gelvez N, Keyeux G. Mitochondrial DNA Studies Show Asymmetrical Amerindian Admixture in Afro-Colombian and Mestizo Populations. Hum Biol 2003;75:13-30.
11. Rondón F, Vallejo, G, Osorio E, Barreto G. Frecuencias haplotípicas mitocondriales en la comunidad indígena Coyaima del departamento del Tolima, Colombia. Rev Asoc Col Cienc Biol 1999;11:45-53.
12. Keyeux G, Rodas C, Gelvez N, Carter D. Possible Migration Routes into South America Deduced from Mitochondrial DNA Studies in Colombian Amerindian Populations. Hum Biol 2002; 74:211-33.
13. Osorio JC. Obtención y análisis de las frecuencias alélicas de seis sistemas de STR ́s autosómicos en la comunidad indígena Pijao-La Luisa del departamento del Tolima [disertación]. Santiago de Cali (Va). Universidad del Valle. 2006.
14. Sans M. Admixture studies in Latin America: From the 20th to the 21st century. HumBiol 2000;72:155-77.
15. Hartl DL, Clark AG. Principles of Population Genetics. Sunderland, MA 1996. Sinauer Associates Inc.
16. Wright S. The genetical structure of populations.Ann Eugenics 1951;15:323-54.
17. Wright S. The interpretation of population structure by F-statistics withspecial regard to systems of mating.Evolution 1965;19:395-420.
18. Nei M. Analysis of Gene Diversity in Subdivided Populations.Proc Nat AcadSci USA 1973; 70(1):3321-23.
19. Bowcock AM, Ruiz-Linares A, Tomfohrde J. High resolution ofhuman evolutionary trees with polymorphic microsatellites.Nature 1994; 368: 455-57.
20. Zhivotovsky LA, Rosenberg NA, Feldman MW. Features of Evolution and Expansion of Modern Humans, Inferred from Genomewide Microsatellite Markers. Am J HumGenet 2003; 72: 1171-86.
21. Arcila VG. Grupos sanguíneos entre los indios Páez. Revista InstEtnolNal 1944;1:7-14.
22. Reichel GA. Grupos sanguíneos entre los indios Pijaos del Tolima. RevInstEtnolNal 1944;1:623-53.
23. Soriano A, Martínez R. Estudio inmunohematológico entre los indios Lloroes. Revista FacUnivNal 1960; 28: 101-6.
24. Páez C, Freudenthal K. Grupos sanguíneos de los Sibundoy, Santiagueños, Kuaiker e indios mestizos de los alrededores de Pasto. Revista Inst Etnol Nal 1976; 1: 141-45.
25. Valenzuela CY, Vásquez G, Rendón LM. Genetics structure of urban populations of Colombia. Actualidades Biológicas 1993; 67:25-31.
26. Case JT, Wallace DC. Maternal inheritance of mitochondrial DNA polymorphisms in cultured human fibroblast. Som Cell Genet 1981;7:103-8.
27. Torroni A, Schurr TG, Yang C-C, Szathmary EJE, Williams RC, Schanfield MS, et al. Native American mitochondrial DNA analysis indicates that the Amerind and Nadene populations were founded by two independent migrations. Genetics 1992; 130:153-62.
28. Botstein D, White RL, Skolnick M, Davis RW. Construction of a genetic linkage map in man using restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Am J Human Genet 1980;32:314-31.
29. Salas A, Carracedo A, Richards M, Macaulay V. Charting the ancestry of African Americans. Am J Hum Genet 2005; 77: 676-80.
30. Beckman JS, Weber JI. Survey of human and rat microsatellites. Genomics. 1992;12:627-31.
31. Edwards A, Civitello A, Hammond HA, Caskey CT. DNA typing and genetic mapping with trimeric and tetrameric tandem repeats. Am. J. Hum. Genet 1991; 49: 746-56.
32. Aranguren-Méndez JA, Román-Bravo R, Isea, W, Villasmil Y, Jordana YJ. Los microsatélites (STR ́s), marcadores moleculares de ADN por excelencia para programas de conservación: una revisión. Arch Lat Prod Anim 2005; 13: 30-42.
33. Alonso AA. Regiones microsatélites del genoma humano (Short Tandem Repeats) Aplicaciones en Genética Forense. In: La prueba del ADN en Medicina Forense. La genética al servicio de la ley en el análisis de indicios criminales y en la investigación biológica de la paternidad. Barcelona – España: Masson, SA editores; 1999p. 72-83.
34. Sherry ST, Waard M, Sirotkin K. dbSNP-database for Single Nulceotide Polymorphisms and other classes of minor genetic variation. Genom Res 1999;9:667-79.
35. Santos FR, Tyler-Smith C. Reading the human Y chromosome: the emerging DNA markers and human genetic history. Braz J Genet 1996;19:665-70.
36. León FJ, Rondón F, Vargas CI, Oróstegui M, Bautista L, Serrano NC, et al. Analysis of population genetic structure from Bucaramanga (Colombia) based on gene polymorphisms associated with regulation of blood pressure. Colombia Médica 2012;43:155-62.
37. Marchini J, Cardom LR, Phillips MS, Donelly P. The effects of human population structure on large genetic association studies. Nat Genet 2004;36:512-7.
38. Slatkin M. Gene flow and population structure. In: Real LA editor. Ecological Genetics. Princenton University Press; 1994 p. 3-18.
39. Builes JJ, Martínez B, Gómez A, Caraballo L, Espinal C, Aguirre D, et al. Y chromosome STR haplotypes in the Caribbean city of Cartagena (Colombia). Forensic Sci Int 2007;167:62-9.
40. Vargas CI, Castillo A, Gil AM, Pico AL, García O. Population genetic data for 13 STR loci in a northeast Colombian(department of Santander) population. J Forensic Sci: Int Congress Series 2003; 1239: 197-200.
41. Carvajal-Carmona LG, Soto ID, Pineda N, Ortíz-Barrientos D, Duque C, Ospina-Duque J, et al. Strong Amerind/White sex bias and a posible Sephardic contribution among the founders of a population in Nortwest Colombia. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67: 1287-95.
42. Builes JJ, Bravo MLJ, Montoya A, Caraballo L, Martínez B, Moreno MA. Population genetics of eight new Y-chromosomal STR haplotypes in three Colombian populations: Antioquia, Chocó and Cartagena. Int Congr Ser 2004; 1261: 310-2.
43. Rondón F, Orobio R, Braga Y, Cárdenas H, Barreto G. Estudio de diversidad genética de cuatro poblaciones aisladas del Centro y Suroccidente colombiano. Salud UIS 2006; 38: 12-20.
44. Rey M, Gutiérrez A, Schroeder B, Usaquén W, Carracedo A, Bustos I, et al. Allele frequencies for 13 STR’s from two Colombian populations: Bogotá and Boyacá. Forensic Sci Int 2003; 136: 83-5.
45. Braga YA. Diversidad genética de comunidades amerindias del Vaupés y el Guaviare mediante STRs, Y-STRs y RFLP-mtDNA [disertación]. Santiago de Cali (Va). Universidad del Valle.; 2009.
46. Mesa NR, Mondragón MC, Soto ID, Parra MV, Duque C, Ortíz-Barrientos D, et al. Autosomal,mtDNA and Y-Chromosome diversity in Amerinds: Pre- and Post-Columbian patterns of gene flow in South America. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67: 1277-86.
47. Martínez B, Caraballo L, Gusmão L, Amorim A, Carracedo A. Autosomic STR population data in two Caribbean samples from Colombia. Forensic Sci Int 2005;152:79-81.
48. Rondón F, Braga Y, Cárdenas H, Barreto H. Análisis de la diversidad y el grado de estructura genética presente en poblaciones humanas colombianas a partir del uso de marcadores RFLP’s de mtDNA. Rev Asoc Col Cienc Biol 2007;19:94-103.
49. Salas A, Acosta A, Álvarez-Iglesias V, Cerezo M, Phillips C, Lareu MV, et al. The mtDNA ancestry of admixed Colombian populations. Am J Hum Biol 2008;20:584-91.
50. Gomez-Perez L., Alfonso-Sanchez MA, Perez-Miranda AM, Garcia-Obregon S, Builes JJ, Bravo ML, et al. Genetic admixture estimates by Alu elements in Afro-Colombian and Mestizo populations from Antioquia, Colombia. Ann Hum Biol. 2010. 37:488-500.
51. Zapata M. La rebelión de los genes. El mestizaje americano en la sociedad futura. Bogotá, DC 1997. Altamir ediciones.
52. Blanton RE, Silva LK, Morato VG, Parrado AR, Dias JP, Melo PR, et al. Genetic ancestry and income are associated with dengue hemorrhagic fever in a highly admixed population. Eur J Hum Genet. 2008;16:762-5.
53. Galanter JM, Fernandez-Lopez JC, Gignoux CR, Barnholtz-Sloan J, Fernandez-Rozadilla C, Via M, et al. Development of a panel of genome-wide ancestry informative markers to study admixture throughout the Americas. PLoS Genet. 2012 Mar;8(3):e1002554.
54. Sierra, Garcia G, Perez AB, Morier L, Alvarez M, Kouri G, et al. Ethnicity and difference in dengue virus-specific memory T cell responses in Cuban individuals. Viral Immunol. 2006 Winter;19(4):662-8.
55. Bautista LE, Ardila ME, Gamarra G, Vargas CI, Arenas IA. Angiotensin converting enzyme gene polymorphism and risk of myocardial infarction in Colombia. Med Sci Monit 2004; 10:143-9.
56. Arenas IA, Vargas CI, Davidge ST, Bautista LE. Angiotensin converting enzyme I/D gene polymorphism influences serum C-reactive protein level. Can J Cardiol 2006;21:112-6.
57. Bautista LE, Vargas CI, Oróstegui M, Gamarra G. Population based case-control study of Renin-angiotensin system genes polymorphisms and hypertension among Hispanics. Hypert Res 2008;31:401-7.
58. Aranguren-Méndez JA, Jordana YJ. Utilización de marcadores de ADN (microsatélites) en poblaciones de animales domésticos en peligro de extinción [online] 2001. Disponible URL: http://www.avpa.ula.ve/articulos_libres/AVPAconservacion.pdf
59. Reiner AP, Ziv E, Lind DL, Nievergelt CM, Schork NJ, Cummings SR, et al. Population structure, admixture, and aging-related phenotypes in African American adults: the Cardiovascular Health Study. Am J Hum Genet. 2005 Mar;76(3):463-77.
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