Keywords
Venezuela
Obesity
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
Obesity
Hypertension
Diabetes Mellitus
How to Cite
Nieto-Martínez, R., González-Rivas, J. P., & Ugel, E. (2018). Prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in three populations from Venezuela: the VEMSOLS STUDY 2006-2010. Médicas UIS, 31(1), 15–22. https://doi.org/10.18273/revmed.v31n1-2018002
Abstract
Introduction: no previous studies had reported the prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases various regions of Venezuela. Objective: to determine the prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors in 3 populations of Venezuela. Methods: the VEMSOLS study is a sub-national, cross-sectional, population based, with bi-stage random sampling study, evaluating 751 subjects aged 20 or older from 3 selected municipalities of Venezuela. Anthropometric and biochemical measurements were obtained. ANOVA was used to continous variables and Chi-square to proportions, a p<0.05 was significant. Results: 69% were females and 81.4% from urban areas. Low HDL-c was the most prevalent disorder (63.8% [–CI- 95% 60.1-67.4]), being more common in women than in men (74.1% [69.9 -77.9] and 40.4% [33.7-43.4], respectively, p < 0.05); followed by abdominal obesity (47.4% [43.8 -51.1]) and hypertriglyceridemia (45.2% [41.5 - 49.0]). One third (30.0%
[26.7-33.4]) had hypertension, 11.8% (9.5 -14.5) diabetes, 23.1% (20.2-26.3) obesity, and 20.1% (17.2-23.4) elevated LDL-cholesterol. Metabolic syndrome was present in 29.9% (26.5-33.5) of the sample. Rural population from the Andeans mountains (Páramo) presented a lower prevalence of obesity and low HDL-c (p < 0.05) comparing with urban samples. Lara’s population, which had the highest Body Mass Index of the 3 municipalities, had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity, atherogenic dyslipidemia and elevated LDL-c than the other two populations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: A high prevalence of cardiometabolic abnormalities in 3 populations of Venezuela was observed with a lower prevalence of alterations in the rural area. MÉD.UIS. 2018;31(1):15-22.
References
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12. Aschner P, Buendia R, Brajkovich I, Gonzalez A, Figueredo R, Juarez XE, et al. Determination of the cutoff point for waist circumference that establishes the presence of abdominal obesity in Latin American men and women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.
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16. González-Rivas J, Nieto-Martínez R, Molina T, García J, Osuna D, Salazar L. Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico, obesidad y alteración de la glucemia en ayunas en adultos del páramo del Estado Mérida, Venezuela (estudio VEMSOLS). Med Interna.
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17. Nieto-Martínez R, González-Rivas JP, García Santiago R, Ugel E, Osuna D, Salazar L. Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y dislipidemias en adultos del páramo del Estado Mérida y su relación con obesidad. Resultados preliminares del estudio VEMSOLS. Avances Cardiol. 2011;31(3):193-200.
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20. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Agespecific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903-13.
21. De Oliveira L, Garcia E, Torres J, Rivas A. Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en el Sector Olivett: El Junquito. Rev Venez Endocrinol Metab. [Internet]. 2006 Oct [Consultado Ene 2016];4(3):33. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.phpscript=sci_arttext&pid=S1690-31102006000300046&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
22. Sulbaran T, Silva E, Calmon G, Vegas A. Epidemiologic aspects of arterial hypertension in Maracaibo, Venezuela. J Hum Hypertens. 2000;14 Suppl 1:S6-9.
23. González-Rivas J. Síndrome Metabólico ¿Queda espacio para este concepto? Rev Ven Endocrinol Metab. 2012;10(1):20-7.
24. Batsis JA, Nieto-Martinez RE, Lopez-Jimenez F. Metabolic syndrome: from global epidemiology to individualized medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;82(5):509-24.
25. Brajkovich I, González R, Peña N, Suarez M, Terrones O, Crocce N, et al. Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en una muestra poblacional del Estado Vargas. Noviembre 2005 - Enero 2006 (Ambulatorio de Vía Eterna, Catia La Mar; Sector I, Parroquia Raúl
Leoni. Estado Vargas). Rev Ven Endocrinol Metab. 2006;4(3):31-2.
26. Becerra AV, Torres A, Valery L, Arata-Bellabarba G, Velázquez-Maldonado E. Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en la Población Urbana de Mucuchíes, Mérida Venezuela. Rev Venez Endocrinol Metab. 2009;7(3):16-22.
27. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration(NCD-RisC). Trends in adult bodymass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10026):1377-96.
28. Ruiz-Fernández N, Espinoza M, Barrios E, Reigosa A. Factores Cardiometabólicos en una Comunidad de Valencia, Venezuela. Rev Salud pública. 2009;11(3):383-94.
29. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1513-30.
30. Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):137-49.
31. Escobedo J, Buitron LV, Velasco MF, Ramirez JC, Hernandez R, Macchia A, et al. High prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in urban Latin America: the CARMELA Study. Diabet Med. 2009;26(9):864-71.
32. Nieto-Martínez R, González JP, Lima-Martínez M, Stepenka V, Rísquez A, Mechanick JI. Diabetes Care in Venezuela. Ann Glob Health. 2015;81(6):776-91.
33. Sirit Y, Acero C, Bellorin M, Portillo R. Metabolic syndrome and other factors cardiovascular risk in workers of a plant of vinyl polychloride. Rev Salud Publ. 2008;10:239-49.
34. Barquera S, Flores M, Olaiz-Fernández G, Monterrubio E, Villalpando S, González C, et al. Dyslipidemias and obesity in Mexico. Salud Pública Mex. 2007;49 suppl 3:S338-S47.
35. Barbosa JB, Santos AM, Barbosa MM, Carvalho CA, Fonseca PC, Fonseca JM, et al. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors in university students. Cien Saude Colet. 2016;21(4):1123-36.
36. Hirschler V, Gonzalez C, Maccallini G, Hidalgo M, Molinari C. Comparison Between HDL-C Levels in Argentine Indigenous Children Living at High Altitudes and U.S. Children. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016;18(4):233-9.
37. Duarte MC, Penaherrera CA, Moreno-Zambrano D, Santibanez R, Tamariz L, Palacio A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and prediabetes in an urban population of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2016; 10 suppl 1:S119-22.
2. Venezuelan Ministerial Popular Health. Annual mortality report 1995 - 2011. [Internet]. [Consultado en Ene 2016] Disponible en: http://www.mpps.gob.ve/index.php?option=com_phocadownload&view=category&id=11:anuarios-de-mortalidad&Itemid=915 Accessed on Jan 2016.
3. Ciruzzi M, Schargrodsky H, Pramparo P, Rivas Estany E, Rodriguez Naude L, de la Noval Garcia R, et al. Attributable risks for acute myocardial infarction in four countries of Latin America. Medicina (B. Aires). 2003;63(6):697-703.
4. Schargrodsky H, Hernandez-Hernandez R, Champagne BM, Silva H, Vinueza R, Silva Ayçaguer LC, et al. CARMELA: assessment of cardiovascular risk in seven Latin American cities. Am J Med. 2008;121(1):58-65.
5. Florez H, Silva E, Fernandez V, Ryder E, Sulbaran T, Campos G, et al. Prevalence and risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome and dyslipidemia in White, Black, Amerindian and Mixed Hispanics in Zulia State, Venezuela. Diabetes Res Clin
Pract. 2005;69(1):63-77.
6. Brajkovich. I, Arismendi. Z, Benedetti. P, Escudero. P, Escauriza. M, España. M, et al. Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en el Municipio Sucre, estado Miranda, Distrito Metropolitano de Caracas. Rev Ven Endocrinol Metab. 2006;4(3):31 -
7. Trinder P. Determination of glucose in blood using glucose oxidase with an alternative oxigen aceptor. Ann Clin Biochem. 1969;6(1):24-7.
8. Roeschlau P, Bernt E, Gruber W. Enzymatic determination of total cholesterol in serum. Z Klin Chem Klin Biochem. 1974;12(5):226.
9. Wahlefeld A, Hu B. Methods of Enzymatic Analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Academic Press INC.; 1974.
10. Sugiuchi H, Uji Y, Okabe H, Irie T, Uekama K, Kayahara N, et al. Direct measurement of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum with polyethylene glycol-modified enzymes and sulfated alpha-cyclodextrin. Clin Chem. 1995;41(5):717-23.
11. Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults--The Evidence Report. National Institutes of Health. Obes Res. 1998;6 Suppl2:S51-209.
12. Aschner P, Buendia R, Brajkovich I, Gonzalez A, Figueredo R, Juarez XE, et al. Determination of the cutoff point for waist circumference that establishes the presence of abdominal obesity in Latin American men and women. Diabetes Res Clin Pract.
2011;93(2):243-7.
13. Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL Jr, et al. Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure. Hypertension. 2003;42(6):1206-52.
14. National Cholesterol Education Program, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood
Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143-421.
15. American Diabetes Association. Executive summary: Standards of medical care in diabetes--2012. Diabetes Care. 2012;35 Suppl 1:S4-10.
16. González-Rivas J, Nieto-Martínez R, Molina T, García J, Osuna D, Salazar L. Prevalencia de síndrome metabólico, obesidad y alteración de la glucemia en ayunas en adultos del páramo del Estado Mérida, Venezuela (estudio VEMSOLS). Med Interna.
2011;27(4):262-7.
17. Nieto-Martínez R, González-Rivas JP, García Santiago R, Ugel E, Osuna D, Salazar L. Prevalencia de hipertensión arterial y dislipidemias en adultos del páramo del Estado Mérida y su relación con obesidad. Resultados preliminares del estudio VEMSOLS. Avances Cardiol. 2011;31(3):193-200.
18. World Health Organization [Internet]. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases. 2010 [Consultado Ene 2016].Disponible en: http://www.who.int/nmh/publications/ncd_report_full_en.pdf
19. Hernandez R, Silva H, Velasco M, Pellegrini F, Macchia A, Escobedo J, et al. Hypertension in seven Latin American cities: the Cardiovascular Risk Factor Multiple Evaluation in Latin America (CARMELA) study. J Hypertens. 2010;28(1):24-34.
20. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R, Collins R. Agespecific relevance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet. 2002;360(9349):1903-13.
21. De Oliveira L, Garcia E, Torres J, Rivas A. Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en el Sector Olivett: El Junquito. Rev Venez Endocrinol Metab. [Internet]. 2006 Oct [Consultado Ene 2016];4(3):33. Disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ve/scielo.phpscript=sci_arttext&pid=S1690-31102006000300046&lng=es&nrm=iso&tlng=es
22. Sulbaran T, Silva E, Calmon G, Vegas A. Epidemiologic aspects of arterial hypertension in Maracaibo, Venezuela. J Hum Hypertens. 2000;14 Suppl 1:S6-9.
23. González-Rivas J. Síndrome Metabólico ¿Queda espacio para este concepto? Rev Ven Endocrinol Metab. 2012;10(1):20-7.
24. Batsis JA, Nieto-Martinez RE, Lopez-Jimenez F. Metabolic syndrome: from global epidemiology to individualized medicine. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2007;82(5):509-24.
25. Brajkovich I, González R, Peña N, Suarez M, Terrones O, Crocce N, et al. Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en una muestra poblacional del Estado Vargas. Noviembre 2005 - Enero 2006 (Ambulatorio de Vía Eterna, Catia La Mar; Sector I, Parroquia Raúl
Leoni. Estado Vargas). Rev Ven Endocrinol Metab. 2006;4(3):31-2.
26. Becerra AV, Torres A, Valery L, Arata-Bellabarba G, Velázquez-Maldonado E. Prevalencia de Síndrome Metabólico en la Población Urbana de Mucuchíes, Mérida Venezuela. Rev Venez Endocrinol Metab. 2009;7(3):16-22.
27. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration(NCD-RisC). Trends in adult bodymass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19.2 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10026):1377-96.
28. Ruiz-Fernández N, Espinoza M, Barrios E, Reigosa A. Factores Cardiometabólicos en una Comunidad de Valencia, Venezuela. Rev Salud pública. 2009;11(3):383-94.
29. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC). Worldwide trends in diabetes since 1980: a pooled analysis of 751 population-based studies with 4.4 million participants. Lancet. 2016;387(10027):1513-30.
30. Guariguata L, Whiting DR, Hambleton I, Beagley J, Linnenkamp U, Shaw JE. Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2013 and projections for 2035. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2014;103(2):137-49.
31. Escobedo J, Buitron LV, Velasco MF, Ramirez JC, Hernandez R, Macchia A, et al. High prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in urban Latin America: the CARMELA Study. Diabet Med. 2009;26(9):864-71.
32. Nieto-Martínez R, González JP, Lima-Martínez M, Stepenka V, Rísquez A, Mechanick JI. Diabetes Care in Venezuela. Ann Glob Health. 2015;81(6):776-91.
33. Sirit Y, Acero C, Bellorin M, Portillo R. Metabolic syndrome and other factors cardiovascular risk in workers of a plant of vinyl polychloride. Rev Salud Publ. 2008;10:239-49.
34. Barquera S, Flores M, Olaiz-Fernández G, Monterrubio E, Villalpando S, González C, et al. Dyslipidemias and obesity in Mexico. Salud Pública Mex. 2007;49 suppl 3:S338-S47.
35. Barbosa JB, Santos AM, Barbosa MM, Carvalho CA, Fonseca PC, Fonseca JM, et al. Metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and other cardiovascular risk factors in university students. Cien Saude Colet. 2016;21(4):1123-36.
36. Hirschler V, Gonzalez C, Maccallini G, Hidalgo M, Molinari C. Comparison Between HDL-C Levels in Argentine Indigenous Children Living at High Altitudes and U.S. Children. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2016;18(4):233-9.
37. Duarte MC, Penaherrera CA, Moreno-Zambrano D, Santibanez R, Tamariz L, Palacio A. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and prediabetes in an urban population of Guayaquil, Ecuador. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2016; 10 suppl 1:S119-22.
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