Factors associated with self-medication in Quibdó, perspectives from an unequal territory in Colombia

Abstract

Introduction: self-medication is a global practice with significant implications for public health, as it can generate both benefits and risks.  Objective: To explore the prevalence and determinants of self-medication in a population characterized by precarious socioeconomic conditions and limited access to health services. Methodology: A cross-sectional analytical observational study was conducted between August and October 2019 in the urban area of Quibdó, where 582 people were surveyed through non-probabilistic sampling. Data were processed using R software (version 4.1.0), using descriptive and inferential analyses (Mann-Whitney U-tests, chi-square and log-binomial regression) to explore explanatory models of self-medication as a function of the variables of interest. Results: The prevalence of self-medication was 80.9% (95%CI: 78-84%). This practice was significantly associated with secondary education level, residence in peripheral areas such as communes 1 and 6, and lack of affiliation with the health system. The main reasons reported were distrust in healthcare professionals (34%) and difficulties in accessing services. Infectious processes were the most frequent cause of self-medication, predominantly the use of analgesics (62%), acquired mainly in pharmacies (63%) and local stores (30%). Conclusions: It is essential to implement public policies and educational strategies that promote the responsible use of medications, that promote the responsible use of medications, improve access to health care, and strengthen trust in health professionals. A comprehensive approach can contribute to reduce irresponsible self-medication and move towards a more equitable and sustainable health.