Artículos científicos
Cannibalization evidences of the Oriente Basin Cretaceous and Paleogene sequences the in the orogenic wedge-top of the Ecuadorian Andes
Ana Gramal-Aguilar- Fausto Carranco-Andino
- Christian Romero-Cóndor
- Roberto Pulupa-Vela
- Darío Calderón-Romero
- Silvia Toainga-Oñate
Published 2021-09-30
Keywords
- Thrust belt,
- Cretaceous and Paleogene sequences,
- Wedge-top,
- Sub-Andean Zone
How to Cite
Gramal-Aguilar, A., Carranco-Andino, F., Romero-Cóndor, C., Pulupa-Vela, R., Calderón-Romero, D., & Toainga-Oñate, S. (2021). Cannibalization evidences of the Oriente Basin Cretaceous and Paleogene sequences the in the orogenic wedge-top of the Ecuadorian Andes. Boletín De Geología, 43(3), 15–34. https://doi.org/10.18273/revbol.v43n3-2021001
Copyright (c) 2021 Boletín de Geología
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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Abstract
To the southeast of the Cordillera Real, on the Miriumi river section, indiscriminated metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks were included in the Upano Unit, as well as the Palanda-Méndez-Cosanga fault which was considered a terrain boundary in previous research. This research aims to characterize and discriminate the Upano Unit metamorphosed sedimentary and igneous rocks from the Oriente Basin sedimentary rocks. This discrimination is supported by lithostratigraphic data, identification of sedimentary structures, the fossil record, petrographic studies, and structural data analysis. Meta-volcanic and meta-pelitic rocks crop out in the western part of the section, whilst eastward in the section, fining-upward succession of quartz-conglomerates, quartz-sandstones, mudstone and sandstone with tidal structures; mudstone and wackstone limestones, black shale with abundant traces of the ammonites and bivalves are deformed by an anticline fold. On the Upano river, limestones and fossiliferous shales are discordantly overlain by multicolored siltstones and red beds. Considering the initial description of the Upano Unit, this sequence is restricted to meta-volcanic and meta-pelitic rocks, suggesting a low metamorphic grade in the sub-green schists facies that relates to the regional geodynamic. In this research, quartz-sandstones and mudstones with tidal signatures are included in the Hollín Formation, limestones and shales with Inoceramus sp. and Harleites sp. (?) are associated with the Napo Formation; and the sequences of red beds are linked to the Tena Formation. The presence of blocks and tectonic slivers conformed by rocks of Hollín, Napo, and Tena formations in the front of the orogenic wedge-top, which are affected by a thrust belt and drag folds, suggests that the Palanda-Méndez-Cosanga fault is not a terrain boundary between metamorphic sequences of the Cordillera Real and sedimentary sequences of the Oriente Basin. On the contrary, our data agree with the cannibalization model of foreland sequences.
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References
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James, N.P.; Dalrymple, R.W. (2010). Fácies models 4. St. John’s, Nfld.: Geological Association of Canada.
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Miall, A. (2014). The facies and architecture of fluvial systems. In: Fluvial depositional systems (pp. 9-68). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00666-6_2
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Petit, J.P. (1987). Criteria for the sense of movement on fault surfaces in brittle rocks. Journal of Structural Geology, 9(5-6), 597-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(87)90145-3
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Balkwill, H.R.; Rodriguez, G.; Paredes, F.I.; Almeida, J.P. (1995). Northern part of Oriente Basin, Ecuador: reflection seismic expression of structures. In: A.J. Tankard, R. Suarez, H.J. Welsink (eds). Petroleum basins of South America (pp. 559-571). AAPG Memoir, vol. 62. https://doi.org/10.1306/M62593C29
Barragán, R.; Baby, P.; Duncan, R. (2005). Cretaceous alkaline intra-plate magmatism in the Ecuadorian Oriente Basin: Geochemical, geochronological and tectonic evidence. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 236(3-4), 670-690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2005.03.016
BGS-CODIGEM. (1994). Geological and metal ocurrence maps of the Cordillera Real and El Oro metamorphic belts, Ecuador.
Blanco-Quintero, I.F.; García-Casco, A.; Toro, L.M.; Moreno, M.; Ruiz, E.C.; Vinasco, C.J.; Cardona, A.; Lázaro, C.; Morata, D. (2014). Late Jurassic terrane collision in the northwestern margin of Gondwana (Cajamarca Complex, eastern flank of the Central Cordillera, Colombia). International Geology Review, 56(15), 1852-1872. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206814.2014.963710
Brandes, C; Tanner, D. (2014). Fault-related foling: A review of kinematic models and their application. Earth Science Reviews, 138, 352-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.06.008
Bridge, J.S.; Lunt, I.A. (2006). Depositional models of braided rivers. In: G.H. Sambrook-Smith, J.L. Best, C.S. Bristow, G.E. Petts (eds.). Braided Rivers: Processes, Deposits, Ecology and Management (pp. 11-49). Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781444304374.ch2
Bucher, K.; Grapes, R. (2011). Petrogenesis of metamorphic rocks. Springer.
Chiocci, F.L.; Casalbore, D. (2017). Unexpected fast rate of morphological evolution of geologically-active continental margins during Quaternary: Examples from selected areas in the Italian seas. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 82, 154-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2017.01.025
Dashwood, M.; Abbotts, I. (1990). Aspects of the petroleum geology of the Oriente basin, Ecuador. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 50, 89-117. https://doi.org/10.1144/GSL.SP.1990.050.01.06
Donselaar, M.E.; Overeem, I. (2008). Connectivity of fluvial point-bar deposits: An example from the Miocene Huesca fluvial fan, Ebro Basin, Spain. AAPG Bulletin, 92(9), 1109-1129. https://doi.org/10.1306/04180807079
Drobe, J.; Lindsay, D.; Stein, H.; Gabites, J. (2013). Geology, mineralization, and geochronological constraints of the Mirador Cu-Au porphyry district, southeast Ecuador. Economic Geology, 108(1), 11-35. https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.108.1.11
Gaibor, J.; Hochuli, J.P.; Winkler, W.; Toro, J. (2008). Hydrocarbon source potential of the Santiago formation, Oriente basin, SE of Ecuador. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 25(2), 145-156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsames.2007.07.002
Gutiérrez, E.G.; Horton, B.K.; Vallejo, C.; Jackson, L.J.; George, S.W. (2019). Provenance and geochronological insights into Late Cretaceous-Cenozoic foreland basin development in the Subandean Zone and Oriente Basin of Ecuador. In: B.K. Horton, A. Folguera (eds.). Andean Tectonics (pp. 237-268). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816009-1.00011-3
Hodgin, E.B.; Gutiérrez-Marco, J.C.; Colmenar, J.; Macdonald, F.A.; Carlotto, V.; Crowley, J. L.; Newmann, J.R. (2021). Cannibalization of a late Cambrian backarc in southern Peru: New insights into the assembly of southwestern Gondwana. Gondwana Research, 92, 202-227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gr.2021.01.004
Horton, B.K. (2018). Sedimentary record of Andean mountain building. Earth-Science Reviews, 178, 279-309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.11.025
INIGEMM (2017). Mapa geológico de la República del Ecuador escala 1:1 000 000. Instituto Nacional de Investigación Geológico Minero Metalúrgico (INIGEMM), Quito-Ecuador.
IIGE (2019). Memoria técnica del mapa geológico de Sucúa, escala 1: 100 000. IIGE, Ecuador. Informe inédito.
INEMIN (1990). Mapa geológico de Sucúa, escala 1:100.000, hoja 91. INEMIN, Ecuador.
Jaillard, E.; Caron, M.; Dhondt, A.; Ordoñez, M.; Lascano, M.; Andrade, R.; Bengtson, P.; Bulot, L.; Cappetta, H.; Dávila, C.; Díaz, R.; Huacho, J.; Huamán, C.; Jiménez, D.; Jiménez, N.; Montenegro, J.; Néraudeau, D.; Rivadeneira, M.; Toro, J.; Villagómez, R.; Zambrano, Í. (1997). Síntesis estratigráfica y sedimentológica del Cretáceo y Paleógeno de la Cuenca Oriental del Ecuador. Convenio ORSTOM-PETROPRODUCCION.
Jaillard, E.; Lapierre, H.; Ordoñez, M.; Toro, J.; Amórtegui, A.; Vanmelle, J. (2009). Accreted oceanic terranes in Ecuador: southern Edge of the Caribean Plate? Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 328, 469-485. https://doi.org/10.1144/SP328.19
James, N.P.; Dalrymple, R.W. (2010). Fácies models 4. St. John’s, Nfld.: Geological Association of Canada.
Litherland, M.; Aspden, J.A.; Jemielita, R.A. (1994). The metamorphic belts of Ecuador. Overseas Geology and Mineral Resources, 11. 2 map enclosures at 1:500,000 scale. British Geological Survey. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0016756897297657
Miall, A. (2014). The facies and architecture of fluvial systems. In: Fluvial depositional systems (pp. 9-68). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-00666-6_2
Parker, N.O.; Sambrook-Smith, G.H.; Ashworth, P.J.; Best, J.L.; Lane, S.N.; Lunt, I.A.; Simpson, C.J.; Thomas, R.E. (2013). Quantification of the relationship between surface morphodynamics and subsurface sedimentological product in sandy braided rivers. Sedimentology, 60(3), 820-839. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.2012.01364.x
Petit, J.P. (1987). Criteria for the sense of movement on fault surfaces in brittle rocks. Journal of Structural Geology, 9(5-6), 597-608. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(87)90145-3
Pratt, W.T.; Duque, P.; Ponce, M. (2005). An autochthonous geological model for the eastern Andes of Ecuador. Tectonophysics, 399(1-4), 251-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2004.12.025
Romero, C. (2018). Identificación y caracterización de facies de la formación Hollín en el Centro Shaime: el registro de una transición fluvio–marina en la región sur oriental del Ecuador. Tesis, Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Ecuador.
Romero, C.W.; Gramal, A.B.; Carranco, F.R.; Toainga, S.D. (2019a). Asociación de facies: La clave para la identificación de la Formación Hollín en la región sur oriental del Ecuador. Revista Científica GeoLatitud, 2(1), 9-23.
Romero, C.W.; Calderón, E.D.; Ribadeneira, M.V.; Naranjo, M.E.; Meneses, V.M.; Gramal, A.B. (2019b). Reconstruyendo el pasado del planeta: El registro estratigráfico y sedimentológico de la Formación Tena en la carretera Tiwintza–Puerto Morona. Revista Científica GeoLatitud, 2(2), 2-13.
Ruiz, G.M.H. (2002). Exhumation of the northern sub-Andean zone of Ecuador and source regions: A combined thermochronological and heavy mineral approach. Doctoral dissertation, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerlnad. https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-a-004489528
Ruiz, G.M.H.; Seward, D.; Winkler, W. (2004). Detrital thermochronology – a new perspective on hinterland tectonics, an example from the Andean amazon basin, Ecuador. Basin Research, 16(3), 413-430. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2117.2004.00239.x
Ruiz, G.M.; Seward, D.; Winkler, W. (2007). Evolution of the Amazon Basin in Ecuador with special reference to hinterland tectonics: data from zircon fission-track and heavy mineral analysis. Developments in Sedimentology, 58, 907-934. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0070-4571(07)58036-2
Sagripanti, L.; Bottesi, G.; Kietzmann, D.; Folguera, A.; Ramos, V.A. (2012). Mountain building processes at the orogenic front. A study of the unroofing in Neogene foreland sequence (37°S). Andean Geology, 39(2), 201-219. https://doi.org/10.5027/andgeoV39n2-a01
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