Resumen
Introducción: El ácido fólico se considera una molécula fundamental durante el desarrollo cerebral fetal. No hay claridad sobre el beneficio de esta intervención durante el embarazo para la reducción del riesgo de trastornos del espectro autista. Objetivo: Analizar la evidencia disponible entre el consumo de ácido fólico en el período periconcepcional y la presencia de los trastornos del espectro autista a través de una revisión bibliográfica. Materiales y métodos: Búsqueda en base de datos Pubmed y Clinical Trials utilizando los términos MeSH: “folic acid”, “autism”y “pregnancy”. Se incluyeron artículos de revisión y originales, en inglés y español, sin importar fecha de publicación. Resultados y discusión: Con la estrategia de búsqueda se encontraron inicialmente 90 estudios potenciales pero después de aplicar los criterios de inclusión culmina en cuatro estudios observacionales, dos de casos y controles, uno de cohorte y un estudio ecológico donde se evalua la asociación en cuestión en dicho período crítico. Defectos en la metilación corregidos con la administración de suplementos de ácido fólico podrían explicar el potencial benéfico en la prevención de trastornos del espectro autista. Conclusiones: La evidencia es escasa y poco consistente en evaluar si la ingesta de ácido fólico durante el periodo periconcepcional se constituye en un factor protector para el desarrollo de los trastornos del espectro autista. MÉD UIS. 2015;28(3):327-36.
Palabras clave: Ácido fólico. Trastornos del espectro autista. Embarazo. Prevención primaria.
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